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(MDMA/ecstasy) use (variable ECSFLAG for 2013–2014 and ECSTMOFLAG for 2015–2019; 0 = never used, 1 = ever used), and lifetime inhalant use (variable INHFLAG for 2013–2014 and INHALFLAG for 2015–2019; 0 = never used, 1 = ever used). All covariates were
psychedelic compounds such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and ketamine for treating psychological disorders, psilocybin for the treatment of depression has the most extensive and robust empirical support. As with many mental disorders, depression
World Religions , 3 ( 2019 ), 81 – 103 . http://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2019.012 . Roberts T. (Ed.). ( 2020 ). Psychedelics and spirituality: The sacred use of LSD, psilocybin, and MDMA for human transformation . Rochester, VT : Park Street Press
, 2021 , 39:53). This confidence in the notion that psychedelics will radically minimize interpersonal harms reappears in another frequent slogan: “I believe that fully globalized access to MDMA-assisted therapy can lead to a world of net-zero trauma by
MDMA, which makes sense given that components include elemicin, eugenol, and safrole ( Nowak, Woźniakiewicz, Gładysz, Sowa, & Kościelniak, 2016 ). All of these are related to MDMA, and are found in the Holy Ointment. Furthermore, potent
maltreatment ( Healy, Lee, & D’Andrea, 2021 ). This finding suggests that psychedelics may reduce the impact of a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on distress in adulthood. In addition, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of MDMA
participants with any use of psychedelics (including psilocybin, MDMA, LSD, mescaline, DMT, and other similar hallucinogenic compounds) within the last year at a minimum. Excluding use for the past 5 years may be appropriate for some study designs. However
findings are consistent with prior studies showing that MDMA, a serotonergic psychedelic, has been shown to produce significant PTSD symptom reduction ( Ot’alora G et al., 2018 ). Additionally, animal studies have shown that ibogaine was effective in
The effect of group-administered psilocybin on psychological flexibility and outcomes Research on the efficacy of psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) has expanded rapidly in the last decade. The FDA has designated breakthrough therapy status for MDMA
, G. , Caltagirone , C. , & Bria , P. ( 2010 ). Ecstasy (MDMA)-addicted subjects show increased serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor
