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. Nowacki 2002 Temperature changes in polyamide subjected to low cyclic deformation Infrared Physics and Technology 43 183 – 186
This experimental work deals with preliminary studies concerning combined planar electrophoresis–electrochromatography system involving stationary phases composed of various natural materials applied for the separation of selected colorants. The main goal of the presented experiment is to investigate the key parameters (applied voltage, electrolyte composition, pH) and separation protocol setup (stationary phase/connection strips type and geometry) enabling the fast prototyping of simple analytical systems for the fractionation and/or separation of low-molecular mass compounds. Four water-based electrolytes that are as simple as possible (without additional organic liquid components or modifiers), including boric acid 100 mM (pH = 4.3), 1:1 mixture of boric acid 90 mM and Tris base 90 mM (pH = 8.2), boric acid 100 mM titrated with NaOH 1 m (pH = 8.5), and formic acid 100 mM (pH = 2.4), were tested. As target analytes, two colorants, namely, methyl red and ponceau 4R, were selected. These dyes are commonly used as printing inks component or pH indicator (methyl red) and food products colorant (ponceau 4R). Electroseparation experiments were conducted using commercially available, temperature non-controlled, open-air electrophoresis box equipped with homemade support for the positioning of active separation layers and electrodes connection strips. Thirteen types of separation layers (working zone = 20 × 100 mm; total length with connection strips = 20 cm) including cellulose-based polymers (filtrating paper, office paper, chromatography paper, and two Japanese papers for aircraft paper models), potato starch on cellulose support, common thin-layer chromatography–high-performance thin-layer chromatography (TLC–HPTLC) glass-based plates coated with cellulose, silica gel 60W (wettable with water), silica gel RP-18W, and aluminum oxide as well as glass-based nutrient agar layers (0.5 and 1.0 mm, approximately) were investigated. Moreover, detailed preparation procedure for manufacturing starch layer on cellulose and agar glass plate supports is described. Conducted investigations have revealed substantial differences between the electrophoretic migration of target dyes within cellulose type layers and also in comparison to the remaining stationary phases studied. The best separation under the given analytical conditions (voltage applied ΔV = 500 V and run time 20 min) was observed for cellulose pre-coated TLC plate (R s = 2.89) and starch layer on filtrating paper support (R s = 2.26). Baseline separation of investigated dyes was observed for filtrating paper strip and agar 0.5-mm thick layer (R s = 1.07 and 1.08, respectively). There was no electrophoretic mobility shift of the tested dyes on polyamide and RP-18W coated TLC–HPTLC plates, while dye short migration without separation was observed on the remaining layers. The obtained results, especially the recorded values of physicochemical parameters (the observed electric currents, migration distances, and peak resolution for different electrolytes, layer type, and thickness) create initial data set platform that can help in the further design of simple separation devices involving natural polymeric layers. Particularly, the described analytical protocol may be implemented for microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) enabling fast and non-expensive separation of complex samples.
Machinability study on precision turning of PA66 polyamide with and without glass fiber reinforcing Materials & Design 30 2 228 – 234 . [11
additive [ 11 ]. Thus, lots of attention has been paid on the application of different carbonization agents. Recently, it was found that polyamide could also act as carbonization agent, such as PA6, PA66, PA11 [ 12 – 15 ]. Levchik et al. [ 12 ] have
, with coatings based on epoxy resins, polyamide compounds, and fluoroplastic. Zang et al. [ 2 ] in their research develop scalable and reliable organogel coatings for sustainable protection of equipment surfaces from scale deposits, which can be used
–199. Kalacska, G., Keresztes, R., Zsidai, L. (2002) Self-lubricating polyamides. Intertribo . Stara Lesna. 194–198. Kalacska, G., Keresztes, R., Debaets, P. (2003) Dynamic tribological testing of polymers. ICCE10. (Tenth annual
water was used for rinsing once the concentration step concluded. Table 1. The attributes of the used membranes Membrane Type Model Permeate Flow m3/day (GPD) X20 X20 Fully Aromatic Polyamide-Urea Advanced Composite Membrane TRISEP 4040-X20-TSA 9.3 (2
, melting and polymorphic composition of β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene and polyamide 6 blends . Eur Polym J . 2006 ; 42 : 3257 – 3268 . 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2006.09.003 . 31. Zhang
. 9. Liu , Y , Feng , ZQ , Wang , Q . The investigation of intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene using a new macromolecular charring agent polyamide 11 . Polym Compos . 2010 ; 30 : 221 – 225 . 10.1002/pc.20555
biopolymers were used to develop composite fibers by an electrospinning process. Recently, Francis et al. [ 24 ] developed membrane from hydroxypropylcellulose and PEO where water was used as solvent. Nirmala et al. [ 25 ] generated polyamide-6/chitosan
