Search Results
Summary
Cereal flours are the major component of the Brazilian diet and are also important exportation products. Radioactivity concentrations of 232 Th, 226Ra, 40K and 137Cs were determined in commercial samples of South-Brazilian cereal flours (soy, wheat, corn, manioc, rye and oat flour) to verify the radiological security of these foodstuffs. The measurements were carried out by gamma-ray spectrometry using a 66% relative efficiency HPGe detector. The 40K flour activities, at 95% of confidence level were in: soy 474±3 Bq . kg-1; corn 30.0±0.3 Bq . kg-1; rye 94±1 Bq . kg-1; manioc 67±1 Bq . kg-1; oat 76±1 Bq . kg-1 and wheat 36.2±0.4 Bq . kg-1. The lower limit of detection for 40K ranged from 0.54 to 1.43 Bq . kg-1. The 137Cs activities in flour samples were: soy £0.07 Bq . kg-1, corn £0.01 Bq . kg-1, oat £0.03 Bq . kg-1 and in wheat, manioc and rye £0.02 Bq . kg-1. The highest concentrations levels of 232 Th and 226Ra were 0.69±0.04 Bq . kg-1 and 0.44±0.03 Bq . kg-1, respectively, in soy flour.
Triticale is derived from a cross between wheat and rye and the leaf rust pathogen of wheat, Puccinia triticina (Pt), and that of rye, P. recondita sensu stricto (Pr), can potentially cause disease in this crop. Recent studies showed that wheat rust fungi could adapt to warmer temperatures. In this paper, we report on the comparative virulence of three Pt races and one Pr isolate (all were collected in South Africa) on triticale as well as their in vitro response to temperature. Seedling infection types (SITs) of 169 triticale entries to Pt races 3SA144 (North American code SDDN), 3SA145 (CCPS) and 3SA248 (CFPS) and Pr isolate UVPr2 revealed that 3SA144 is the most virulent with 106 triticale entries found susceptible to this race. The three Pt races were avirulent to the four rye cultivars included as controls. UVPr2 was avirulent on all the triticale entries and 49 entries were considered resistant to the Pt races tested. Freshly harvested urediniospores of the above isolates were tested at constant temperature regimes of 10 °C, 22.5 °C and 35 °C to study germination characteristics. Mean urediniospore germination percentages as determined for 3SA144 (61.3%) and UVPr2 (62.6%) were significantly lower when compared to 3SA145 (83.7%) and 3SA248 (84.9%). Race 3SA144 was most sensitive to the higher temperature regime of 35 °C (5.2% germination). Among the investigated races, 3SA144 showed significantly lower mean germ tube elongation rates at all three incubation temperatures. This is the first report of differences in temperature adaptation between Pt races from SA.
Abstract
In this work the term 
blank
signifies total radiation of the sample analyzed except that the element to be determined (analyte) is absent. On the basis of the evaluation of the blank components (nuclear and spectral interferences, air-nitrogen between grains etc.), a semiempirical formula for calculating the nitrogen content in plant grain samples is proposed. The reliability of the results obtained with the use of this formula has been demonstrated for five sorts of seeds (rye, wheat, barley, broad bean and soybean) which have been analyzed by the Kjeldahl method and 14 MeV neutron activation analysis, respectively.
Abstract
Distribution coefficients of 14 elements between LIX 70 in toluene and aqueous 1M NaNO3 solution containing varying concentrations of HCl or suitable buffer, respectively, were determined by batch equilibration. It was shown that very selective separation of Cu from other elements can be achieved on columns with LIX 70 supported on Bio-Beads SM-1. Highly accurate and precise method for the determination of trace amounts of Cu in biological materials was devised by combining NAA with extraction chromatography. Results of copper determination in NBS 1570 /Spinach/, IAEA H-4 /Animal muscle/ and IAEA V-8 /Rye flour/ are presented.
The plasmodiophorid Polymyxa graminis transmits plant viruses to cereal crops such as wheat, rye, barley and triticale. Soil samples from different locations and cereal host plants were analyzed for the presence of P. graminis ribotypes I and II, and tested for the occurrence of soil-borne viruses. P. graminis sequences mainly from fields in Germany used for virus resistance trials, but also from a site each in Poland and Denmark were obtained and deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive. The interactions between the components of the pathogen complex – vector ribotype and virus – and the host are discussed.
Attempts were made to produce tetraploid triticales by crossing 6x triticales with diploid rye. In F2, the chromosome number was reduced to between 15 and 23 except in three plants, where the chromosome number was 28, 32 and 38, respectively. An increased frequency of ring bivalents was observed in many F4 plants. In the progeny of the plant with 28 chromosomes, desired plants (four) with 2n = 28 chromosomes were obtained. Data on various agronomic characters were recorded on the progeny of these plants in F5. Reasonably good fertility was noticed in these tetraploid triticale forms.
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human health but it is deficient in at least 1 billion people around the globe. Cereals are by far the most significant agricultural crops, not only on a gross tonnage basis, but also by what they represent in terms of energy supply and dietary intake for human nutrition worldwide. Portugal is no exception to such pattern. The Portuguese situation is difficult to assess though, due to scarce information and lack of consistent studies on the subject. In these terms, the Se status of major cereals and their cultivation soils are dealt with herein. Two species of wheat–bread and durum wheat–were sown at the end of November 2009, and then sampled in different growth stages. Rye was collected during harvest season, and cultivation soils were analyzed as well. Se results were within the range of: 100–225 ng g−1 for soils; 3–55 ng g−1 for durum wheat; 6–80 ng g−1 for bread wheat; and 4–30 ng g−1 for rye. Accuracy of the RNAA procedure was proved by analysis of reference materials NIST-SRM 1515 and NIST-SRM 8433.
Traditionally, triticale is mainly used as animal feed, the use for human utilization is still uncertain. However, in the past few decades, importance of triticale is increasing globally. Therefore, the determination of nutritionally important parameters of triticale and study of their genetic and environmental (G×E) variability have essential importance. In this study, ten hexaploid triticales along with reference wheat and rye varieties were grown at two locations in Hungary in a three-year-long experiment. Crude protein (8.6–16.3%), crude fat (0.86–1.98%), starch (57.6–65.0%), and dietary fibre values (7.5–13.7%) showed notable differences, significant genotype control were detected in all tested parameters except ash content (1.42–2.10%). The analysis of variance confirmed that crop year affected all traits, and also location had significant effect on the formation of protein and – to a lesser extent – the fibre levels. Furthermore, interactions between the effects were observed. Generally, nutritional characteristics of triticales were positioned between wheat and rye in this experiment; however, there were notable differences between the genotypes, and also the magnitudes of environmental effects were significant. Nutritional values of triticale provide a prospect for food production and human consumption.
. 2004. Chromosomal location of aluminium tolerance genes in rye. Plant Breed. 123 :132–136. Aniol A. Chromosomal location of aluminium tolerance genes in rye
In this study pedotransfer functions (PTFs) were developed to estimate the soil water retention curves (SWRCs) for Rye Island (Csallóköz, S. W. Slovakia). A representative set of soil water retention curves was measured using a laboratory method on samples taken from soils the study area. Particle size distribution and bulk density were determined as well. Multiple regression analysis was used for estimating nine statistical relationships in order to predict the drying part of the SWRCs. Texture and bulk density were used as predictors. Pedotransfer functions were verified on another set of measured water retention curves from the same territory as well as on SWRCs determined for soils of the Szigetköz region in Hungary. A good agreement was found between the calculated and measured SWRCs for the Slovakian soils, while somewhat poorer estimates could be given for Hungarian soils.
