Search Results
Summary Non-isothermal thermogravimetric data were used to evaluate the Arrhenius parameters (activation energy and the pre-exponential factor) of the combustion of two carbonaceous materials, selected as diesel soot surrogates. The paper reports on the application of model-free isoconversional methods (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger methods) for evaluating the activation energy of the combustion process. On the other hand, by means of the compensation relation between E and lnA, which was established by the model-dependent Coats-Redfern method, the value of the pre-exponential factor was estimated from the known value of the model-independent activation energy.
Non-isothermal kinetic study on the decomposition of Zn acetate-based Sol-gel precursor
Part 1. Application of the isoconversional methods
Abstract
The isoconversional methods (Friedman (FR), Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS)) were applied for evaluating the dependencies of the activation energy (E) on the mass loss (Δm) corresponding to the non-isothermal decomposition of two Zn acetate-based gel precursors for ZnO thin films whose preparation differs by the drying temperature of the liquid sol-precursor (125°C for sample A, and 150°C for sample B). Although both investigated samples exhibit similar decomposition steps, strong differences between E vs. Δm curves as well as among the characteristic parameters of the decomposition steps, directly evaluated from TG, DTG and DTA curves, were put in evidence.
Abstract
Non-isothermal decomposition of iron (III)-diclofenac anhydrous salt was investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) under different conditions in opened and closed α-alumina pans under nitrogen atmosphere. To estimate the activation energy of decomposition, the Capela and Ribeiro isoconversional method was applied. The results show that due to the lid cover different activation energies were obtained. From these curves a tendency can be seen where the plots maintain the same profile for closed lids and almost run parallel to each other. Independently of the different experimental conditions no remarkably different results have been obtained.
Abstract
The crystallization mechanism of the glass-ceramics obtained from Romanian (Şanoviţa) basalt in the presence of 3 and 5% CaF2 as nucleation agent has been investigated under non-isothermal conditions using DTA technique. The activation energies of the crystallization processes were calculated using the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, Starink and Tang isoconversional methods. The monotonous decreases in the activation energy (E a) with the crystallized fraction (α) confirms the complex mechanism of the glass-ceramics crystallization process. It has been proved that the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model cannot be applied for the studied glass-ceramics crystallization process.
Abstract
The kinetic parameters (reaction order, n, activation energy, E, pre-exponential factor, A, constant rate, k) for the dehydration step due to elimination of osmotic water and hydrogen-bounded water with the carboxylic groups, and for the anhydrifying step owing to the dehydration of two neighboring (-COOH) groups, were determined under non-isothermal conditions for some carboxylic resins with acrylic-divinylbenzene (DVB) matrix. The kinetic parameters were evaluated by means of isoconversional methods from (TG/DTG) thermal analysis data. The results show a dependence of the apparent kinetic parameters on the cross-linking degree, granulation, gel/macroporous matrix nature, exchange capacity and heating rate.
Abstract
The thermal behavior of Cd2+ and Co2+ phenyl-vinyl-phosphonates was studied using two different experimental strategies: the coupled TG-EGA (FTIR) technique by decomposition in nitrogen respectively air, and the kinetic analysis of TG data obtained in dynamic air atmosphere at four heating rates. In nitrogen two decomposition steps were observed: the loss of crystallization water, respectively the decomposition of the phenyl-vinyl radical. In air, the same dehydration was observed as the first step, but the second one is a thermooxidation of the organic radical with formation of the pyrophosphoric anion. The kinetic analysis of the TG non-isothermal data was performed by the isoconversional methods suggested by Friedman and Flynn, Wall and Ozawa, as well as by the non-parametric (Sempere-Nomen) method. All processes put in evidence in TG curves exhibit strong changes of the activation energy values with the conversion degree, which mean that these processes are complex ones. Assuming that each of these processes consists in two steps, the application of non-parametric method leads to average values of the activation energy close to the average values of this parameter obtained by isoconversional methods.
Non-isothermal kinetic study on the decomposition of Zn acetate-based sol-gel precursor
Part II. The application of the IKP method
Abstract
The paper presents a non-isothermal kinetic study of the decomposition of Zn acetate-based gel precursors for ZnO thin films, based on the thermogravimetric (TG) data. The evaluation of the dependence of the activation energy (E) on the mass loss (Δm) using the isoconversional methods (Friedman (FR), Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS)) has been presented in a previous paper. It was obtained that the sample dried at 125°C for 8 h exhibits the activation energy independent on the heating rate for the second decomposition step. In this paper the invariant kinetic parameter (IKP) method is used for evaluating the invariant activation parameters, which were used for numerically evaluation of the function of conversion. The value of the invariant activation energy is in a good agreement with those determined by isoconversional methods. In order to determine the kinetic model, IKP method was associated with the criterion of coincidence of the kinetic parameters for all heating rates. Finally, the following kinetic triplet was obtained: E=91.7 (±0.1) kJ mol−1, lnA(s−1)=16.174 (±0.020) and F1 kinetic model.
Abstract
Two bis(bipyridine) polymeric metal nitrate complexes with 4,4’-bipyridine of simple formula like [M(bipy)2](NO3)2⋅xH2O (where M=Co, Ni and Cu; x=4, 2 and 0, respectively) have been prepared and characterized. Their thermal decomposition has been undertaken using simultaneous TG-DTG-DTA and DSC in nitrogen atmosphere and non-isothermal TG in air atmosphere. Isothermal TG has been performed at decomposition temperature range of the complexes to evaluate the kinetics of decomposition by applying model-fitting as well as isoconversional method. Possible mechanistic pathways have also been proposed for the thermolysis. Ignition delay measurements have been carried out to investigate the response of these complexes under the condition of rapid heating.
Abstract
The kinetics of the reduction of nickel, cobalt and copper ferrites was studied by the temperature programmed reduction method at different heating rates in hydrogen atmosphere. The activation energy values of the reduction processes were calculated using the non-isothermal isoconversional method according to the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose equation and the dependence of apparent activation energy on the degree of conversion was determined. The carbon monoxide oxidation activities of all the three samples were determined at various temperatures up to 140 °C. An interesting correlation between the apparent activation energies for the reduction process was observed. The decreasing trend of activation energy on the ‘extent of conversion’ in all cases showed that the reduction is a multi-step process involving a reversible process followed by an irreversible step.
Abstract
Two integral isoconversional methods (Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose) and the invariant kinetic parameters method (IKP) were used in order to examine the kinetics of the non-isothermal crystallisation of a silica-soda-lead glass. The objective of the paper is to show the usefulness of the IKP method to determine both the activation parameters and the kinetic model of the investigated process. Thismethod associated with the criterion of coincidence of kinetic parameters for all heating rates and some procedures of the evaluation of the parameter from Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Erofeev–Kolmogorov (JMAEK) equation led us to the following kinetic triplet: activation energy, E=170.5±2.5 kJ mol–1 , pre-exponential factor, A=1.178±0.350·10 10 min–1 and JMAEK model (A m) m=1.5.
