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( Depoortere, 1987 ; Marrosu et al., 1995 ; Schneider & Sigg, 1957 ). If an ibogaine protocol is developed and psychotherapy is a part of it, as it is in the MDMA research protocol ( Mithoefer, 2017 ), then it may be worth considering the inclusion of
MDMA, which makes sense given that components include elemicin, eugenol, and safrole ( Nowak, Woźniakiewicz, Gładysz, Sowa, & Kościelniak, 2016 ). All of these are related to MDMA, and are found in the Holy Ointment. Furthermore, potent
participants with any use of psychedelics (including psilocybin, MDMA, LSD, mescaline, DMT, and other similar hallucinogenic compounds) within the last year at a minimum. Excluding use for the past 5 years may be appropriate for some study designs. However
-DMT). Serotonergic hallucinogens are a subgroup of three classes of compounds: tryptamines, ergolines, and phenethylamines, of which the latter group also includes the so-called entactogens/empathogens (MDMA or 2C-B). In a broader context, the hallucinogen class
Use of MDMA, family history of gambling, brother PG, and facial disfigurement None reported Abstinence 27 3 Evening tiredness None during treatment period
, alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis) were linked to higher scores of dimensions linked to mental health impairment, and lower scores of dimensions linked to well-being and resilience. Within this last group of non-psychedelic drugs, MDMA showed different
hallucinogens: eight participants. – Psilocybin: (“magic mushrooms”) ranging from one trial to monthly use, and from 1-year use up to 10 years; – LSD: ranging from one trial to monthly use, and from 1-year use up to 10 years; – MDMA (Ecstasy): ranging from one
is a member of a closed ayahuasca Facebook group, approximately between 22 and 67 years old and holds a rather high education degree and might be preexperienced in psychedelics such as psilocybin (“magic mushrooms”), MDMA (“ecstasy”), cannabis, and
. S. , & Brewerton , T. D. ( 2016 ). Novel psychopharmacological therapies for psychiatric disorders: Psilocybin and MDMA . The Lancet Psychiatry, 3 ( 5 ), 481 – 488 . doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00576-3 10.1016/S2215
among MDMA and other drug users . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 96 ( 1–2 ), 99 – 110 . 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.02.003 Han , X. , Wu , X. , Wang , Y. , Sun , Y. , Ding , W. , Cao , M. , ( 2018 ). Alterations of resting-state static and
