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. The third (KM) and fourth (P) group consisted of individuals that were only anaesthetised with ketamine–medetomidine or propofol. Anaesthetic protocols Two different anaesthetic protocols were used. The first protocol was applied in Group KMC and Group
The objective of this study was to determine whether creatine supplementation (CrS) could improve mechanical power output, and swimming performance in highly trained junior competitive fin swimmers. Sixteen male fin swimmers (age:15.9±1.6 years) were randomly and evenly assigned to either a creatine (CR, 4×5 g/day creatine monohydrate for 5 days) or placebo group (P, same dose of a dextrose-ascorbic acid placebo) in a double-blind research. Before and after CrS the average power output was determined by a Bosco-test and the swimming time was measured in two maximal 100 m fin swims. After five days of CrS the average power of one minute continuous rebound jumps increased by 20.2%. The lactate concentration was significantly less after 5 minutes restitution at the second measurement in both groups. The swimming time was significantly reduced in both first (pre: 50.69±1.41 s; post: 48.86±1.34 s) and second (pre: 50.39±1.38 s; post: 48.53±1.35 s) sessions of swimming in CR group, but remained almost unchanged in the P group.The results of this study indicate that five day Cr supplementation enhances the dynamic strength and may increase anaerobic metabolism in the lower extremity muscles, and improves performance in consecutive maximal swims in highly trained adolescent fin swimmers.
://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008 . Appendix Table A1. Regression table predicting local confidence by group, age, gender, and mean accuracy for N = 38 control participants and N = 38 problem gamblers. Predictor Estimate Std error t p Group
. , Petticrew , M. , … the PRISMA-P Group . ( 2015 ). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: Elaboration and explanation . BMJ
