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This paper reviews the works related to the effect of soil compaction on cereal yield and focuses on research of field experiments. The reasons for compaction formation are usually a combination of several types of interactions. Therefore one of the most researched topics all over the world is the changes in the soil’s physical and chemical properties to achieve sustainable cereal production conditions. Whether we are talking about soil bulk density, physical soil properties, water conductivity or electrical conductivity, or based on the results of measurements of on-line or point of soil sampling resistance testing, the fact is more and more information is at our disposal to find answers to the challenges.
Thanks to precision plant production technologies (PA) these challenges can be overcome in a much more efficient way than earlier as instruments are available (geospatial technologies such as GIS, remote sensing, GPS with integrated sensors and steering systems; plant physiological models, such Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT), which includes models for cereals etc.). The tests were carried out first of all on alteration clay and sand content in loam, sandy loam and silt loam soils. In the study we examined especially the change in natural soil compaction conditions and its effect on cereal yields.
Both the literature and our own investigations have shown that the soil moisture content changes have the opposite effect in natural compaction in clay and sand content related to cereal yield. These skills would contribute to the spreading of environmental, sustainable fertilizing devoid of nitrate leaching planning and cereal yield prediction within the framework of the PA to eliminate seasonal effects.
observation and photos) Date Location GPS Specimens Collector (depository) August 2016 Alibánfa, Zala County, Hungary 46°53′ N, 16°55′ E 1 male N. Farkas (PCEK) 09 August 2018 Soroksár Botanical Gardens, Budapest, Pest County, Hungary 47°24′ N, 19 09
from the diverse habitat and localities on way to the Tungnath, 30° 29’ 26.3” N, 79° 09’ 37.7” E with GPS extent 9–4.90 km within an elevational range of 2,100–3,000 m ( Fig. 1 ). The collected bryophyte specimens were brought to the laboratory for
, importance and possibility of the occurrence of further Platycranus species. Material and methods The specimen studied was collected in course of the monitoring of the Heteroptera fauna in the Soroksár Botanical Garden, Budapest, Hungary (GPS: 47°23′58.4″N
selected as study sites ( Fig. 1 , Table 1 ). Table 1 Characteristics of five study sites in Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India Site GPS coordinates Alt S A Common tree species (IVI) CT I 30° 13’ 49.17” E, 78° 35’ 58.75” N 1,400– 1,500 23° N Q
discovered localities, respectively Table 1. Collecting localities, methods of collections and date of collections Locality County GPS coordinates Altitude Method Date of collection Alsótekeres Somogy N46.956295 E18.187529 167 m net 27
in Nagykovácsi, Pest county, Hungary (GPS coordinates: 47.575018, 18.897893) during the plum flowering period. An insect collecting net with an extended handle was used to catch adults during their flower visit. Volatile collection Headspace volatile
geographical populations of Iran, and their habitat is shown in Figure 2 . GPS specified the geographical coordinates and elevation of each genotype habitat ( Table 1 ). Table 1 Investigated Haloxylon populations. Pop. Code Locality No. of samples Longitude
, Heves County, North-Hungarian mountains. Ecology . Phytophagous. Host plant: Salvia glutinosa (Lamiaceae) ( Wagner, 1974 ). The author collected adults and nymphs from S. officinalis near Himarë municipality (Vlorë county, Albania; GPS: 40.144586 N
