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In this research, starch and maltose content were determined by using the HPLC method for different dent maize hybrids, grown in Tekirdağ ecological conditions. Experimental materials were obtained from Tekirdağ Faculty of Agricultural Field Crops Department. The starch and maltose content of the thirty-five selected maize varieties were studied. Starch contents of OSSK 644 (84.73%), Karaçay (84.39%) and AG 9242 (84.09%) were found to be higher than the other varieties. The lowest starch content (45.02%) was obtained from variety DK-647. The maltose content of maize hybrids was varied from 0.83% (Pegaso) to 2.71% (AG 9229). Negative and insignificantly correlation was obtained between starch and maltose content (r 2 −0.150).
545 550 Duplay, P., Bedouelle, H., Fowler, A., Zabin, I., Saurin, W., Hofnung, M. 1984. Sequences of the malE gene and of its product. The Maltose-Binding Protein of
An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system was established for elite, recalcitrant Malaysian indica rice, Oryza sativa L. CV. MR 219 using mature seeds as explant on Murashige and Skoog and Chu N6 media containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and kinetin either alone or in different combinations. L-proline, casein hydrolysate and L-glutamine were added to callus induction media for enhancement of embryogenic callus induction. The highest frequency of friable callus induction (84%) was observed in N6 medium containing 2.5 mg l −1 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, 0.2 mg l −1 kinetin, 2.5 mg l −1 L-proline, 300 mg l −1 casein hydrolysate, 20 mg l −1 L-glutamine and 30 g l −1 sucrose under culture in continuous lighting conditions. The maximum regeneration frequency (71%) was observed, when 30-day-old N6 friable calli were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 3 mg l −1 6-benzyl aminopurine, 1 mg l −1 naphthalene acetic acid, 2.5 mg l −1 L-proline, 300 mg l −1 casein hydrolysate and 3% maltose. Developed shoots were rooted in half strength MS medium supplemented with 2% sucrose and were successfully transplanted to soil with 95% survival. This protocol may be used for other recalcitrant indica rice genotypes and to transfer desirable genes in to Malaysian indica rice cultivar MR219 for crop improvement.
5 Ernandes, J., Williams, J., Russell, I., Stewart, G. (1995) Effect of yeast adaptation to maltose utilization on sugar uptake during the fermentation of brewer's wort. J. Instit. 99 , 67
Glycosyltransferase activity of Pectinex ultra SP-L (from Aspergillus aculeatus) commercially available enzyme preparation was studied in mono- and bisubstrate systems using different donors (maltose, lactose, and sucrose) and acceptors (fructose, galactose, glucose, maltose, mannose, xylose, lactose, and sucrose). Oligosaccharides consisting of three monomers were detected in the cases of maltose, sucrose, and lactose as monosubstrates, thus this preparation should contain glucosyl-, fructosyl-, and galactosyl-transferase activity. Generally, yields of oligosaccharides synthesized were higher in bisubstrate systems maltose:sucrose, maltose:lactose, and sucrose:lactose than on monosubstrates. Use of maltose:sucrose bisubstrate resulted new oligosaccharide(s) (fructosyl-maltose or glucosyl-sucrose). The optimal ratio of substrates in the case of maltose:sucrose was determined to be 1:9. Increase of the dry content of the reaction mixture induced the transfer reaction. The highest oligosaccharide content was obtained at 60% (w/v) substrate concentration. In the case of the optimal ratio and dry content, 4.02% (w/v) oligosaccharide (DP3) concentration was achieved. These oligosaccharides may alter prebiotic and biochemical properties in food applications.
, W. J. (1969) Enzymatic determination of glucose in the presence of maltose. Anal. Biochem. 30 , 467-470. Enzymatic determination of glucose in the presence of maltose Anal. Biochem
The aim of the work was to evaluate the authenticity of honey present in Lithuanian market using GC-FID analysis of trimethylsilylated carbohydrates. In total, 15 natural honey samples and one artificial honey sample were analysed. In general, the composition of carbohydrates in the tested samples of natural honey was quite similar, except for trisaccharides, which were not found in any of the analysed samples. Although the amount of identified compounds was different, the percentages of the quantified sugars in natural honey were within the limits established by Codex Alimentarius Commission. Artificial honey contained 9.01% of sucrose and 34.60% of maltose, while the content of maltose in natural honey varied in the range of 0.29–1.41%. The content of fructose and glucose in artificial honey was 2.41% and 22.89%, respectively; while the sum of the main monosaccharides in natural honey was averagely 38.80%. The results obtained indicate that tested natural honey samples from Lithuanian market were genuine products.
Fermentation trials were conducted in all-malt wort with mixed cultures of SaccharomycescerevisiaeWS 34/70 and one of two non-Saccharomycesyeast strains: Saccharomycodesludwigiiand Torulaspora delbrueckiiDSM 70607. Interactions were observed between the two yeasts during the alcoholic fermentation process started with eight different initial cell ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:20 (Saccharomyces yeast : non-Saccharomyces yeast). Composition of the medium greatly affected the cell yield, degree of attenuation and ethanol concentration due to the maltose-negative characteristic of the non-Saccharomycesyeast strains. Starting cell ratios had less effect on the outcome of the fermentation experiments. S. cerevisiaelimited the growth of T. delbrueckiito a great extent, overgrowing it in the course of fermentation. On the other hand, S. cerevisiaedid not grow as dynamically in mixed culture with S. ludwigiias the composition of the medium would have suggested.
Chemical composition (moisture, ash, protein, fat, total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, glucose and maltose) of four types of biscuits and four gingerbreads were determined and moisture adsorption characteristics of samples were evaluated at 25 °C using the Novasina hygrometric technique. Generally, the GAB model gave the best description of the experimental sorption data; however, these findings were not statistically significant compared with the BET model. Gingerbreads absorbed higher amount of water (20–25 g/100 g on dry weight basis) at a w >0.70 in comparison to biscuits studied mainly due to higher content of sucrose and/or other simple saccharides. Monolayer moisture content evaluated by BET and GAB models were in general higher for the gingerbreads. Although the Novasina water activity meter is suitable for construction of sorption isotherms, in the lower range of a w values (i.e. <0.45) the water uptake is slightly underestimated.
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on the production of bioactive total dietary fibres (TDF) and glucans (α- and β-glucans) in submerged cultures of wild Ganoderma australe and commercial Pleurotus ostreatus, both of Greek origin. The contents of glucans and TDF were determined by using the respective Megazyme enzymatic kits. Glucose and yeast extract (YE) were suggested as appropriate carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, for obtaining simultaneously high production of TDF and β-glucans by G. australe, which are compounds of great pharmacological interest, whereas maltose and YE were found favourable for high production of the above-mentioned functional components by P. ostreatus. The data obtained in this study provide useful information for further development of the studied mushroom fermentation process on a scale of the bioreactor aiming at enhanced TDF and β-glucan production.
