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Introduction In the first half of 2017, the Budapest History Museum carried out an excavation in the inner part of Budapest, at 7–9. Molnár Street, District 5, prior to the construction of a hotel. 1 The area, located in the medieval city of Pest
–440. Révész L. 2008 Heves megye 10–11. századi temetői (Die Gräberfelder des Komitates Heves im 10.–11. Jahrhundert). Magyarország honfoglalás kori és kora Árpád-kori sírleletei 5. Budapest. Somogyi S. 2007 Pest megye
. , Purushothaman , P. , Revi , S. 2008 . Bioefficacy of phosphamidon granules in the management of major rice pests . Indian J. Pl. Prot . 36 : 128 – 129 . Krishnaiah , N.V. , Lakshmi , V.J. 2012 . Rice
1 ANTECEDENTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES: ORCHESTRAL MUSIC IN PEST-BUDA Founded in 1853 and still active today, the Orchestra of the Philharmonic Society (Filharmóniai Társaság Zenekara) was Hungary’s first professional symphony orchestra. 2 The
like woody parts, plant propagula, or in soil. Many of these organisms are considered as pests especially, if they feed on agricultural crops. This article will discuss eight Microlepidoptera species that have been recently discovered in Hungary, or
hormones: a selective review of their physiology and potential application for pest control. Pest Manag. Sci. 59 , 1063–1075. Goldsworthy G. J. Insect peptide hormones: a selective
Our current knowledge regarding primary structure, synthesis, release, receptor-binding, structure-activity relationship and mode of action of insect neuropeptides has increased dramatically during the past decade. Thanks to the development of insect neuroendocrinology -in parallel to this- an even increasing need for modern, yet environmentally sound strategies of plant protection has arisen, becoming a driving force for insect physiologists to concentrate their efforts to combat pests more efficiently. The ultimate aim of these researchers is, however, not the total eradication of harmful insects, but rather, selective targeting by using species- or group-specific control strategies which can only be achieved by taking note of recent results in insect physiology, endocrinology, biochemistry and ecology. The rationale behind this approach is, that, since neuropeptides regulate key biological processes, these“special agents”or their synthetic analogues, mimetics, agonists or antagonists may be effective tools in combating insect pests in an environmentally more sound manner than with conventional pesticides. In this review, taking into account possible practical aspects, some representative insect neuropeptides/groups have been selected, which may be important due to their characteristic structure and/or physiological action, and could be used for the design of novel, safe and selective compounds to control pests.
Agricultural use of chemical pesticides has polluted the environment and resulted in resistance among the target organisms. The chemical strategies of pest control are dangerous to both the nontarget organisms in natural habitats and human health. Biological control is an attractive less dangerous possibility for controlling plant pathogens.Some methods of biological control are becoming now commercially available against plant parasitic fungi, nematods and insects. Among filamentous fungi many candidates with biocontrol potential can be found. Fungal biocontrol agents are less effective and reliable than the synthetic pesticides therefore their use in the agricultural practice requires genetic improvement.
From 1880, the year of funding the National Phylloxera Research Station, the predecessor of the present Department of Zoology of the Plant Protection Institute, the main thrust of entomological research was towards solving practical problems in agriculture, which mission governs our recent activity and guides our plans for the future. Our studies on the behaviour of herbivorous insects have shown that oligophagy is mainly due to the sensitivity of the insects' chemosensory system to deterrent chemicals occurring in the non-host plants. This enables the use of antifeedants in pest control. In field experiments the insects found their hosts largely by chance, which has implications for crop rotation. The ability of learning in some herbivorous insect species has been demonstrated. It may result in induced preference for some otherwise avoided plants. Ecological studies indicated that predispersal seed predators do not necessarily affect plant population dynamics and that there is no interspecific competition among them. Studying the presumable processes that drive the evolution of insect-plant associations resulted in elaborating the theory of sequential evolution instead of the theory of coevolution. In course of 30 year studies, female-produced sex pheromones were evidenced in behavioural studies, isolated, and chemically identified in cooperations with organic chemical laboratories, for a few dozens of lepidopterous species. Related sex attractants were established by means of field trappings for further dozens of species. Based on these results, the role of sex pheromones in maintaining reproductive isolation between taxonomically closely related, sympatric species, as well as the chemotaxonomical value of sex attractants in higher taxa of Lepidoptera are discussed. As a result of our studies on Elateridae (Coleoptera) we developed and optimized pheromone baits and traps for catching males of all important pest Agriotes click beetles in Central and Western Europe. The most effective pheromone combinations for each species were tested in a Europe-wide comparative effort, giving information on the probable importance of the respective species in the respective area. In Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) we discovered sex attractants for 3 species of the genus Anomala, and floral attractants for 4 species of the subfamily Cetoniinae, all orchard pests damaging fruits or flowers. Traps were developed for these scarabs taking into consideration the optimal visual and chemical cues for each respective species. The trap and bait combinations show preliminary evidence that their use for direct control through mass trapping is possible. Among chrysomelid beetles, new trap types were developed for the western corn rootworm Diabrotica v. virgifera. These trap types are widely used in Europe for the detection and monitoring of the pest. Most recent results concern the relationships between host-plant related and pheromonal communication in flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp.).
be contaminated by air, dust, pests, and microorganisms. Heat treatment affects nutritional and quality properties. Residues of chemical preservatives in products lead to allergies and diseases in consumers and to environmental pollution ( Bideli et
