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, A. Cork , C. Ammaranan , and N.S. Talekar , Development of an Integrated Pest-Management Strategy for Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer in South Asia , AVRDC — The World Vegetable Center , Technical Bulletin No. 28, Shanhua, Taiwan, 2003
, Pestic. Chem., IUPAC , Pergamon Press . 3 ( 1984 ) 323 – 326 . [4] E . Turmer , An Assessment of Test Methods of Photodegradation of Chemicals in the Environment, Brussels, Belgium, European Chemical Industry, Ecology and Toxicology Center , 1981
H.W. Ravn , Pest Manag. Sci. 61 (2005) 627–635. Ravn H.W. Pest Manag. Sci. 2005 61
Abstract
The agricultural supplies used in the organic system to control pests and diseases as well as to fertilize soil are claimed to be beneficial to plants and innocuous to human health and to the environment. The chemical composition of six agricultural supplies commonly used in the organic tomato culture, was evaluated by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Results were compared to the maximum limits established by the Environment Control Agency of the São Paulo State (CETESB) and the Guidelines for Organic Quality Standard of Instituto Biodinâmico (IBD). Concentrations above reference values were found for Co, Cr and Zn in compost, Cr and Zn in cattle manure and Zn in rice bran.
S.K. Handa , Pestic. Res. J. 9(1) (1997) 67–71. Handa S.K. Pestic. Res. J. 1997 9
Imidacloprid is a member of chloronicotinyl neonicotinoid compounds. It is the most important systemic insecticide and has a wide diversity of uses: in agriculture, on turfs, on pets, and for household pests. During the last decade, Forensic Science Laboratories of Maharashtra State, India, detected a large number of human poisoning cases with imidacloprid. Since a large number of biological samples were received for toxicological analysis, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was the method of choice. This study reports that cobalt thiocyanate was found to be a selective and sensitive spray reagent for imidacloprid in routine analysis by TLC. Imidacloprid reacts with cobalt thiocyanate which gives intense blue-colored compound. The cobalt thiocyanate reagent does not react with the organochlorine insecticides, organophosphorus insecticides, and pyrethroids. Visceral constituents (amino acids, peptides, proteins, etc.) do not interfere.
. Mital , and S.K. Choudhary , Pestic. Res. J. 12 (1) (2000) 103–106. Choudhary S.K. Pestic. Res. J. 2000
Permethrin is widely used in household pests and insect-controlling products. A sensitive and robust TLC-densitometric method for the separation and quantification of an important pyrethroid, permethrin in household products was developed. TLC aluminum plates, precoated with 0.2-mm thick layer of silica gel 60F254, were used for the analysis. Densitometric analysis of permethrin was carried out in the absorbance mode at λ max 227 nm for both cis and trans isomers. Mobile phase consisted of hexane-diethylether-ethylacetate (8.8:0.8:0.4, v/v) which gave sharp and symmetrical peaks of cis- and trans-permethrin at R F = 0.72 and 0.62, respectively. Linear regression data for the calibration curves in the concentration ranges of 300 to 1800 ng spot−1, showed a good linearity r = 0.996 ± 0.0015 and r = 0.993 ± 0.0029 for cis- and trans-permethrin, respectively. The limits of detection (LODs) for cis- and trans-permethrin were found to be 1.6 and 2.4 ng spot−1, respectively, and limits of quantitation (LOQs) were 4.9 and 7.4 ng spot−1, respectively. The developed method was validated for various validation parameters that proved the method was reproducible, precise, and highly accurate for the determination of permethrin isomers in household pesticide and insecticide products.
Summary
Stable isotope markers have been used to study animal nutrition for several decades and more recently to study the foraging and cultural habits of imported fire ants. In this work, we have extended that effort to evaluate the potential for marking boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with the rare earth element samarium to aid in studies of insect invasion and pest eradication protocols. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) was performed on the marked boll weevils as well as plant material from the cotton squares on which the insects were fed. Samarium levels in non-dosed insects average about 20 ng/g or about 100 pg total element per insect. Our computed average determination limit was 36 pg samarium/weevil. The determination limit for cotton plant squares and leaves averaged 3.5 ng/g and 8.2 ng/g, respectively. These initial results indicate the NAA method is capable of identifying individual marked insects which have assimilated 1 ng of samarium, a ten-fold increase in content over average blank values.
integrated pest management. This includes precision irrigation and determining the right time to control fungal pathogens that infect vines. Accurate forecasting is the basis for environmentally friendly crop protection, which can significantly reduce the use
