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] Boncel S. , Koziol K. , Walczak K.Z. , Windle A.H. , Shaffer M.S.P. ( 2011 ) Infiltration of highly aligned carbon nanotube arrays with molten polystyrene . Mater Lett 65 2299 – 2303 . [3
Single and multiwalled carbon nanotubes have attracted significant interest due to their one-dimensional structure and unique electrical and mechanical properties. Among the wide variety of their potential applications most importantly they offer potential to serve as building blocks for future electronic device architectures [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Carbon nanotubes may serve as active or passive electronic elements; and as passive elements they may serve as interconnects both on short and long ranges [7, 8]. The most essential prerequisite for realizing CNT architectures is to be able to grow nanotubes at controlled sites, in predetermined orientations and to form interconnections. Significant progresses in growing aligned carbon nanotube films have been made recently with a combined approach of the floating catalyst method using pre-patterned templates and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [9, 10, 11, 12]. Recently we summarized our work on growing architectures of carbon nanotubes, which might be integrated into microelectronic circuits [13]. While the predefined growth of the above mentioned large nanotube structures is important and receives a lot of attention characterization of the product also deserves similarly high attention being a key for future applications and giving the real importance and purpose of the growth efforts. In this paper, we report some of our works, which are directed towards electrical tests on CNTs, namely high current carrying capacity; vertically organized multiwalled nanotubes showing the possible usage of highly ordered and well-shaped tubes; and characterization of singlewalled nanotube junctions.
Gas sensing properties of different carbon nanotube (mostly multiwall, MWCNT) mats, based on electrical resistance measurement were investigated in a simple arrangement and found that the sensitivity for different gases or vapors highly depends on the pre-treatment and functionalization of nanotubes. The selectivity of the sensing was demonstrated by building a vapor recognition system based on an array of multitube sensors made of differently functionalized MWCNTs.
Organic polymers - carbon nanotubes nanocomposites are synthesized either by mechanical mixing of the two components or by covalently linking the nanotubes to the matrix. The various procedures will be overviewed and the determining factors will be identified for the best mechanical properties of the composites. On the other hand, it will be shown that for highest electrical conductivity much smaller amounts of carbon nanotubes are needed if the nanotubes can be aligned. The thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites will also be overviewed. Finally, together with nanoclay particles, nanotubes are inducing remarkable flame retardant properties in the nanocomposites materials.
A series of Fe/Co based nanocomposites where the matrix is mesoporous ordered cubic Im3m silica (SBA-16 type) characterized by a three dimensional cage-like structure of pores were obtained by two different approaches: impregnation and gelation. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis show that after metal loading, calcination at 500 °C and reduction in H2 fl ux at 800 °C the nanocomposites retain the well-ordered structure of the matrix with cubic symmetry of pores. All nanocomposites prepared were tested for the production of carbon nanotubes by catalytic chemical vapour deposition. Transmission electron microscopy points out that good quality multi-walled carbon nanotubes are obtained.
Carbon nanotube (CNT) networks offer fascinating opportunities as active layers for gas sensor devices. We here review our work on the use of CNT fi lms prepared by airbrush spraying as sensitive layers in resistive sensor devices for gas detection. The sensor fi lms were fabricated by airbrushing nanotube dispersions on alumina substrates. Networks of different CNT materials were tested as active sensing element sensors for the detection of pollutant gases (H2, NO2, octane, toluene, NH3). Our results indicate that the CNT structure and chemical functionalization affect both the CNT entanglement within the airbrushed networks and their gas sensing performance. Thus, highly sensitive NO2 and H2 resistive sensors were fabricated out of networks of carboxylic acid functionalized double-walled carbon nanotubes and Pd-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes, respectively. Issues related to gas sensing mechanisms of the tested resistive sensors, and device performance dependence upon the sensor operation temperature are also discussed here. All tested resistive sensors provided negligible responses to interfering gases such as NH3, toluene and octane. CNT-based gas sensors made by other fi lm preparation techniques are also reviewed, and their gas sensor performance is compared to those reported here.
Multiwall carbon nanotubes were synthesized either on the outer surface of iron containing mesoporous silicates using catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) or in the pore system of morphologically different mesoporous materials (hexagonal or spherical shapes) with graphitization of the template molecules. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study shows that the CCVD method resulted in long, bent and well graphitized carbon nanotubes on impregnated samples irrespective to the morphology of the silicate. Isomorphously substituted spherical MCM-41 with low Si/Fe ratio was found to be active catalysts for carbon nanotube production in CCVD as well. Synthesis of MWNTs with graphitization of template molecules in the pores of MCM-41 was successful in hexagonal MCM-41 samples irrespective that they contain or not iron in the silicate framework. Carbon nanotube formation was not observed in spherical derivatives of these samples during the graphitization process.
Some recent results on the synthesis of coiled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are summarized. Several supported catalysts can lead to the formation of coiled CNTs. Interestingly, certain domains of the coil pitch and coil diameter are favoured, and two “stability islands”are found in the 3D representation of the number of coiled CNTs as a function of both coil pitch and coil diameter. It is emphasized that these nanotubes are formed either by introducing pairs of five-membered ring - seven-membered ring or by forming haeckelite structures. The coiled CNTs could be used in nanocomposite reinforcement as well as special sensors based on their remarkable mechanical and electrical properties.
. (6) 2.1 Hybrid nanofluid In this study, nanofluid of mixing MOL 68 (Hungarian oil) at constant temperature of 100 °C and hybrid nanoparticles of Multi-Walled Carbon NanoTube
://www.nanopharma.cz/en/products-and-technology/technology [2] Kučerová L. ( 2017 ), Detection of Deformation and Voltage by Polymer Nanocomposite with Integrated Carbon Nanotube Layer . Bachelor Thesis , Tomas
