Search Results
investigated on a case-by-case basis. There is no reason why similar experimental procedures could not also be employed to study the relative strength of content and context biases in the spread of economic and political information
Generosity seems to be a cross-culturally ubiquitous feature of life. Helping others is considered as a costly act through which the altruists gain popularity and reputation in their reference group and this elevated reputation will pay off for them in future social relationships. This costly signaling theory has been widely tested in pre-industrial societies. Our purpose was to examine if the assumptions of CST are verifiable in modern, industrial societies. Using a complex experimental procedure with four subsequent phases we could examine reputation-gaining in realistic conditions. We found that more people are willing to offer help to a charity organization when their group mates are aware of their altruistic intention than those whose offer was concealed from the rest of the group. In return, the offered charity service increased the altruist's reputation in the group; in the light of sociometric surveys they gained more popularity than the others. Finally, it turned out that whereas men are more likely to offer potentialhelp in the presence of others, women provide more actualhelp.
studies involving human participants were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Each participant gave informed consent to the experimental procedure, which was approved by the
standards. Each participant gave informed consent to the experimental procedure, which was approved by Institutional Review Board of California State University, Fullerton. Results We observed that very few participants
psychometric instruments and performed the stimulation procedure. ML developed the tDCS experimental procedure. LDR collaborated in both the evaluation and the writing procedures. MP prepared the literature review and tried to define the rationale of the study
). Participants were included after meeting the inclusion criteria (see Supplementary Methods ) and were reimbursed with 50 euros plus additional task earning (∼20 euros). Experimental procedure After providing written consent, participants underwent ∼1 h of
,000 ms. The sequence of standard and deviant stimuli was randomized. Please refer to Fig. 1 for specific experimental procedures. Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of the experimental procedure and the stimuli examples. Each trial presented a single
points' and ‘Your shopping points'. The experimental procedure was programmed with PsychoPy software ( Peirce, 2007 ). During the Pavlovian phase, in each trial, one of three CS stimuli (300 × 300 pixels) appeared on the screen for 4s. After the CS
, including studies using other physiologic indices or experimental procedures to assess hyperexcitability and craving. Interestingly, previous studies of Internet addiction, which is a behavioral addiction comparable to gambling disorder, have
out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Each participant gave informed consent to the experimental procedure, which was approved by the USC Institutional Review Board. Participants received $5 fixed remuneration, plus money won during the
