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Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important causative agent for bacteremia. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a helpful molecular technique for the rapid identification of S. pneumoniae in positive blood cultures. There are many reports concerning the application of an enzymatic treatment with lysozyme in the FISH procedure for partial cell wall digestion of S. pneumoniae. However, this study was aimed to test the FISH procedure without enzymatic treatment for the identification of S. pneumoniae in blood culture specimens. Seventy-seven positive blood culture specimens containing Gram-positive cocci were examined by both the conventional laboratory methods and FISH. Detection of S. pneumoniae was performed by two FISH procedures: one procedure was performed with an enzymatic treatment step and the other one was done without enzymatic treatment. In addition, the specimens were tested by the FISH procedure with enzymatic treatment to detect Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus. The specificity of FISH in comparison with conventional culture methods was 100%. The sensitivity of the FISH procedure with enzymatic treatment for the detection of S. pneumoniae was 90%, whereas, the sensitivity of the FISH procedure without enzymatic treatment was 100%. In fact, by omission of enzymatic treatment, detection of S. pneumoniae was improved in 6 specimens. The results of the FISH and culture methods for the detection of S. pyogenes and Enterococcus were compatible. Altogether, FISH procedure without enzymatic treatment step seems to improve the detection of S. pneumoniae in some cases. Thus, for successful detection of S. pneumoniae, we suggest the application of both FISH procedures (the procedure with enzymatic treatment and the procedure without enzymatic treatment) for each blood culture specimen.
. Napier , B. A. , Band , V. , Burd , E. M. , Weiss , D. S. : Colistin heteroresistance in Enterobacter cloacae is associated with cross-resistance to the host antimicrobial lysozyme . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58 , 5594 – 5597 ( 2014
At clinical examination, a 5-year-old male domestic short-haired cat exhibited painful swelling and erythema of the pinnae of both ears. Microscopically, the lesions on both pinnae were composed of diffuse granulomatous chondritis with degeneration and necrosis of the pinnal cartilage. Numerous mast cells were also observed within and surrounding the inflammatory lesion. Immunohistochemistry showed a mixed inflammatory infiltrate characterised by the predominance of macrophages (CD68+, MAC 387+ and Lysozyme+), T lymphocytes (CD3+), some B lymphocytes (CD79α+) and neutrophils. Immunopathological characterisation of the lesion showed a granulomatous inflammation profile and suggests that the morphological changes and immunopathogenesis of auricular chondritis in cats presents a similarity with relapsing polychondritis in humans.
. 44. W. Messier C.B. Stewart 1997 Episodic adaptive evolution of primate lysozymes Nature
include: i) reducing the penetration of antimicrobial agents (lysozyme, complement, antibiotics), ii) reducing the growth of bacteria due to nutrient restrictions, iii) stimulating the expression of stress response genes, iv) the emergence of a biofilm
Escherichia coli . Ir. J. Vet. Med. 7 , 169 – 175 . Silvetti , T. , Morandi , S. , Hintersteiner , M. and Brasca , M. ( 2017 ): Use of hen egg white lysozyme in the food industry , in Hester P. Y. (Ed.) Egg Innov. Strat. Impr. , pp. 233
8.0) containing 4 mg*mL −1 lysozyme (Merck, 05281) was put onto the pellet and were incubated at 37 °C for 18 h. Then 250 μL of 10% SDS and 20 µL 20 mg*mL −1 proteinase K (Sigma P2308-100MG) were added and incubated at 56 °C for 2 h. After breaking
cells were embedded in low-melting agarose (Lonza, Switzerland). The bacterial cells in agarose plugs were lysed with cell lysis solution I (50 mM Tris-HCL, 50 mM EDTA) containing lysozyme (2.5 mg mL −1 ) and proteinase K (1.5 mg mL −1 ), and then with
This short report describes a case of tricuspid valvular metastasis of canine disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in a 9-year-old female Rottweiler. Immunohistochemically the malignant neoplastic cells gave a strong reaction for vimentin and lysozyme, and showed negativity for serotonin, CD3, CD79a and cytokeratin. The intratumoural microvessels were detected by immunohistochemistry using CD31 and claudin-5. This appears to be the first report of a valvular metastasis of canine malignant histiocytosis.
composition, especially SFB, by α-defensin alters the T-cells balance [ 92 ]. In addition to NOD-2, Paneth cells can secrete antimicrobial peptides such as phospholipase A2 and lysozyme, which regulate microbiota [ 93 ]. Sensing peptidoglycan of microbiota by