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The paper briefly reviews the achievements and problems in Translation Studies (TS) and the practical tasks TS face at present: teaching translation on a much larger scale, educating teachers of translation, and teaching translation students to think and translate professionally and creatively. To deal with these tasks, the paper proposes a new cognitive model of translation as a professional and creative activity and its practical application. The model integrates two of the most prominent contemporary conceptions: Nikolay Ovchinnikov’s new cognitive theory of mind and Igor Mel’čuk and Jury Apresjan’s “Meaning ⇔ Text” model (of linguistic competence). The main idea of the paper is that translation is a creative linguistic activity and thus its professional acquisition needs professional and up-to-date (meta) linguistic knowledge. Special attention is paid to TS terminology, its organization and application, since the main practical burden of modern TS is to provide a teacher of translation with basic and practice-oriented linguistic and background professional knowledge and terminology helpful in encouraging students to think over translation problems consciously and purposefully.
Metalinguistik
Sprache und Texttypen der heutigen ungarischen Folklore
The European equivalent of “anthropological linguistics” is “ethnolinguistics” or “metalinguistics”.The study proves that since the 19th century the ethnolinguistic approach is constant, although not emphatic, in the Hungarian linguistics.
Despite the economic importance of translation work, research can hardly keep pace with current developments, especially the use of electronic resources. A growing body of literature on writing processes in various languages and domains (e.g. journalism, education) has provided insight into how professionals and students use language and language resources. However, the questions of how translators use electronic, non-electronic, and internal linguistic resources and of how novices and experts differ in this regard remain to be investigated in detail. A multi-method approach called progression analysis, which combines ethnographic observation, interviews, computer logging, screenshot recordings, and cue-based retrospective verbalizations, has been used to explore differences between novice and expert journalists and lends itself ideally to the domain of translation. Progression analysis captures diverse aspects of translation processes as students and professionals translate and revise their texts and allows us to access their metalinguistic awareness in order to gain insight into their translation competence. The realization of this awareness in different strategies for translating to and from the translator’s dominant language is highlighted for the language combination German and English, and differences between novices’ and experts’ awareness of their revision processes and resource use are identified.
large quantitative databases in a synergetic work, as demonstrated by the metalinguistic study of constructio presented in this paper. In recent years, digital language resources have grown exponentially, making it increasingly easy for scholars from
/eszem ‘eat.1 sg.indef ’). The -k/-m variation is a bona fide example of variation subject to social awareness in the Hungarian speech community and a perennial topic of metalinguistic debates in stylistics and education ( Kálmán 2010 ). The neutralising -m
described which are often researched and are accounted for in the present study. These are gender; teaching experience; reading habits; level of education where they teach; and metalinguistic awareness as in subject areas, L2 proficiency level, number of L2s
manifested in determiner multiplication, change or additional metalinguistic participles, the differences give the result. This means that the standard form of a formula can be compared 1) to its variations or 2) to formulas containing the same determiner
for reading the phenomenology at hand in relation to the ancients' metalinguistic reflection on syllable division. As for the second point, two research questions arise, which we shall attempt to answer in §§4 and 5: that is, whether the phenomenon
transcribed. The differentiation of the axis “we” vs. “they” The aim of the investigation was to demonstrate an axis of differentiation on the basis of metalinguistic comments about the Hungarian language as used in Hungary and in Slovakia with the help of
In the present paper the author gives a brief survey of the main problems of the contrastive semantics, emphasizing the significance of the cognitive approach in this field. The article deals with similarities and differences between two languages on the level of meaning. The following questions are discussed: socio-cultural idiomatics, modes of lexicalization, the lack of equivalents, categorization and conceptualization of the meaning, metalinguistic structures as a means of the expression of the axiological information in Polish and Hungarian.
