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1 Introduction Rye ( Secale cereale L.) has been cultivated since ancient times in Europe and is the second most important crop after wheat for production of bread and other bakery products. In botanical
1 Introduction Rye is used for bread baking traditionally mainly in Northern Europe. It is easy to grow due to its low agronomical needs, good resistance to diseases and abiotic stress factors. In addition, rye grain has high fibre content, offering
, whereas mapping of flood risk from groundwater sources is in the background. One of the few researches dealing with the issue of flooding from rising groundwater levels is [ 11 ]. The paper evaluates the territory of the Rye Island in the period of the
flour mixture ( Hajas et al., 2018 ; Schall et al., 2020a , 2020b ) are based on wheat proteins, which sets further difficulties for gluten determination in rye and barley as the ELISA antibodies bind their proteins with different affinities. Therefore
. sanfranciscensis , L. plantarum , and S. cerevisiae are the most frequently isolated species from sourdough, and they are positively related to the sensory quality of sourdough breads ( G obbetti et al., 2005 ). Liquid rye sour is a kind of additive used in the
We examined the hypothesis that rye bread enriched with green tea extract (GTE) (at two different doses) can prevent obesity as a component of a hypercaloric diet by decreasing the absorption of energy providing nutrients and regulating lipid metabolism-related hormones, in comparison with normal caloric diet used in the Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: group ND received a normal caloric diet, group HRB received a hypercaloric diet with control rye bread, groups HRB0.8% and HRB1.1% received a hypercaloric diet with rye bread enriched with 0.8% and 1.1% GTE, respectively. Higher food intake in the ND group compared with the other groups of rats was noted; however, there was no statistical difference in the energy intake among any of the groups. Consumption of the hypercaloric diet increased the body weight of the rats (in comparison with ND), but rats from HRB1.1% group showed a tendency towards smaller gains in body weight (∼4.0%) when compared to the HRB group. The addition of 1.1% GTE to rye bread resulted in an increase in the energy content of faeces, compared to both HRB and ND groups. No differences were observed in plasma leptin concentrations between the four groups. The insulin level in rats fed a hypercaloric diet was higher in comparison to rats from the ND group. The consumption of rye bread enriched with 1.1% GTE may increase faeces energy excretion, but without significantly suppressing body weight gain, visceral fat accumulation, or changing biochemical parameters related to lipid metabolism.
, and P. Hasle , “ Managing safety in small and medium enterprises ,” J. Saf. Sci. , vol. 71 , pp. 189 – 196 , 2015 . 10.1016/j.ssci.2014.11.007 [22] P. Hasle , H. J. Limborg , T. Kallehave , C. Klitgaard , and T. Rye Andersen
than 90% of commercial beers are filtered, the grain is the primary source of folate in the majority of the final products. The most often used cereal for beer brewing is barley, but wheat, oat, and rye are also applied besides barley. Grains used for
Bread is one of basic human dietary items. Bread products commercially available usually contain flour, water, yeast or sourdough, and numerous functional additives, among them inorganic chlorides (mainly NaCl), phosphates, and sulphates, modifying physicochemical properties of final products to be attractive for consumers. Various kinds (whole-wheat, rye, and wheat rye) of Polish commercial breads were examined for contents of chlorides, phosphates, and sulphates by combination of water extraction and ion chromatography with conductometric detection. The evaluated amounts of the analytes corresponded to 0.58–1.06 g of chlorides (1–1.8 g NaCl), 100–300 mg of phosphates, and 10–130 mg of sulphates in 100 g (ca. two slices) of bread, which means that bread can be an important source of inorganic ions for humans, in particular in case of high consumption.
