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into Persian versions (e.g., Mohammadsalehi et al., 2015 ; Ostovar, Nor, Griffiths, & Chermahini, 2017 ), including instruments assessing Internet-related addictions (e.g., the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – short form; Wu et al., 2017
3 appendix as an emerging condition (i.e., Internet gaming disorder) that needed further research before full inclusion in a future edition. Andreassen and Pallesen ( 2014 ) defined SNS addiction as spending too much time on SNSs due to an
recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) (2013) where “Internet gaming disorder”(IGD) was included as a condition for further studies. Thus, despite the ongoing discussion on how to conceptualize and assess the
-control increases during adolescence, which in turn contributes to the prevention or intervention in internet gaming disorder as well ( Xiang, Gan, Jin, Zhang, & Zhu, 2022 ; Zondervan-Zwijnenburg et al., 2020 ). Similar results suggested that greater self
problems ( Mo et al., 2018 ). IA is a complex disorder in terms of its conceptualization, clinical manifestation, and measurement. “Internet Gaming Disorder” was recently included into the fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
use serves multiple purposes (e.g., information seeking, work, learning, leisure, and social interactions). Recently, specific Internet-related addictions (e.g., social networking addiction and Internet gaming disorder; Montag et al., 2015 ; Wu, Chen
. , Griffiths , M. D. , & Sinatra , M. ( 2016 ). Validation of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short-Form (IGDS9-SF) in an Italian-speaking sample . Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5 ( 4
. , Tzavara , C. , … Tsitsika , A. ( 2015 ). Regular gaming behavior and internet gaming disorder in European adolescents: Results from a cross-national representative survey
substance use disorder ( Euser et al., 2013 ). This study holds importance both theoretically and practically. Theoretically, our research suggests that PPU exhibits similarities to both internet gaming disorder and substance use disorder, both behaviorally
) Face-to-face c , guided c , group 12 weeks Gaming DSM-5 internet gaming disorder diagnostic criteria ( Petry & O’Brien, 2013 ) and the Video Game Addiction Scale (VGAS; Lemmens, Valkenburg, & Peter, 2009 ). n.a. Li, Niu, and Mei (2017) China Chinese
