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Animal Taxonomy and Ecology
Authors:
Zhong-Guang Chen
,
Yu-Ting Dai
,
Shi-Yang Feng
,
Xiao-Ping Wu
,
Jiao Jiang
,
Xiao-Chen Huang
, and
Shan Ouyang

Introduction Southern China is one of the regions with the richest species diversity of land snails in the world. Among the numerous groups, the largest and most common one is Camaena Albers, 1850 . The genus comprises comparatively large land

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. Chesson , P. 2000 . Mechanism of maintenance of species diversity . Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 31 : 343 – 366 . Cumming , G.S. , N. Gaidet and M. Ndlovu . 2012

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1978 Peterson, D.W. and Reich, P.B. 2008. Fire frequency and tree canopy structure influences on plant species diversity in a forest-grassland ecotone

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Animal Taxonomy and Ecology
Authors:
Zhong-Guang Chen
,
Hong-Fei Hu
,
Yu-Ting Dai
,
Ping Wang
,
Jiao Jiang
,
Xiao-Ping Wu
, and
Shan Ouyang

Abstract

Two new land snail species of the family Enidae, Serina xirong Chen, Dai, Wu & Ouyang sp. n. and Turanena jiuzhaigouensis Chen, Dai, Wu & Ouyang sp. n., are described from Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province, China based on conchological morphology. Serina xirong can be distinguished from congeneric species by its ribbed teleoconch, and Turanena jiuzhaigouensis can be distinguished from congeneric species by its micro, conic, weakly keeled shell without color stripes before body whorl. This discovery further enhances our understanding of the enid species diversity in Sichuan Province.

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Abstract

The present work aimed to study the yeast communities of whole crop corn silages (CS) that were previously contaminated with aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus (CSCA). In addition, the effect of lactic acid bacterium (LAB) inoculation on the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) content, genotoxicity, yeast load, and diversity of yeast communities were also investigated. In A. flavus contaminated silages, after two months, the AFB1 content was 40% lower with LAB inoculation, also a lower level of genotoxicity was determined. The number of yeasts cultured from the initial mixture of chopped whole crop corn was 4.8 × 107 CFU g−1 wet mass, while only 2.4 × 106 CFU g−1 from the CSCA and 7.1 × 105 CFU g−1 from the LAB-inoculated CSCA could be cultured. Based on 144 randomly isolated strains, the yeast community of the initial mixture consisted of 8 species. In contrast, the yeast community of CSCA consisted only of 4 species determined by 132 randomly selected isolates. LAB-inoculated CSCA consisted also of 4 species based on 158 randomly isolated strains. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia kudriavzevii proved to be predominant in the CSCA, while S. cerevisiae and Meyerozyma guilliermondii were the most abundant in the LAB-inoculated CSCA. The species richness was also confirmed by alpha diversity values (1.827, 1.188, and 1.123 as Shannon's indices for CS, CSCA, and LAB-inoculated CSCA, respectively). In response to LAB inoculation, the species diversity decreased considerably.

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Acta Veterinaria Hungarica
Authors:
Sándor Hornok
,
Maria Mulvihill
,
Krisztina Szőke
,
Enikő Gönczi
,
Kinga M. Sulyok
,
Miklós Gyuranecz
, and
Regina Hofmann-Lehmann

Man-made barriers are well known for their effects on ecosystems. Habitat fragmentation, for instance, is a recognised consequence of modern-day infrastructure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity and abundance of tick species, as well as the risks of acquiring tick-borne infections in habitats adjacent to a freeway. Therefore, ixodid ticks were collected from the vegetation at two-week intervals (in the main tick season, from March to June) in eight habitats of different types (forest, grove, grassland) along both sides of a freeway. Ixodes ricinus females were molecularly screened for three species of tick-borne bacteria. In the study period, 887 ixodid ticks were collected. These included 704 I. ricinus (79.4%), 51 Dermacentor reticulatus (5.7%), 78 D. marginatus (8.8%), 35 Haemaphysalis inermis (3.9%) and 19 H. concinna (2.1%). There was no significant difference in the abundance of tick species between similar habitats separated by the freeway, except for the absence of Dermacentor spp. on one side. In I. ricinus females, the overall prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum was low, and (in part due to this low rate) did not show significant difference between the two sides of the freeway. Rickettsia helvetica had significantly different overall prevalence between two distant habitats along the same side of the freeway (12.3% vs. 31.4%), but not between habitats on the opposite sides. Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. showed significantly different overall prevalence between habitats both on the same and on the opposite sides of the freeway (8.6–35.9%), and the difference was higher if relevant habitats were also separated by the freeway. Importantly, the prevalence rate of the Lyme disease agent was highest in a forested resting area of the freeway, and was significantly inversely proportional to the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum (taking into account all evaluated habitats), apparently related to deer population density. Prevalence rates of these bacteria also differed significantly on single sampling occasions between: (1) closely situated habitats of different types; (2) distant and either similar or different habitat types; and (3) habitats on the opposite sides of the freeway. In conclusion, the findings of the present study show that a fenced freeway may contribute to differences in tick species diversity and tick-borne pathogen prevalence along its two sides, and this effect is most likely a consequence of its barrier role preventing deer movements.

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. Regional and local species diversity patterns for lotic invertebrates across mul tiple drainage basins in Victoria . Mar. Freshwater Res. 57 : 675 – 684 . Matthaei , C

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) recorded a negative relationship between water quality index and species diversity of ostracods but a positive relationship with population density in the lakes of Mysore. Ostracods have been employed in a wide range of studies, including paleoenvironmental

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, and description of them is necessary for a more complete understanding of global species diversity ( Lim et al., 2012 ; Wells et al., 2019 ). Material and methods Ten to thirty photographs were taken of each shell using a Keyence LHX5000 digital

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biodiversity: a failure of theory or practice? Freshwater Biol. 55 : 205 – 222 . Pegg , M. A. and R. M. Taylor . 2007 . Fish species diversity among spatial scales of altered temperate

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