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-intestinal including systemic compartments of infected microbiota-depleted IL-10 -/- mice [ 8 , 16 ]. So far, we successfully achieved gut microbiota depletion by orally treating mice with a quintuple antibiotic cocktail (ABx) consisting of ampicillin
Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines ( CLSI, 2018 ). The antimicrobial agents (Rosco, Taastrup, Denmark) used in this study included ampicillin (10 µg), cefepime (30 µg), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (1.25 µg + 23.75 µg), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (20
) (Oxoid, CTO412B, 30 µg), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC; Oxoid, CT0223B, 30 µg), meropenem (MEM) (Oxoid, CT0774B, 10 µg), and ampicillin (AMP; Oxoid, CTOOO3B, 10 µg) antibiotic discs were used. The plates were incubated at 35 ± 2 °C for 18 ± 2 h. The
penicillins (ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, oxacillin, and piperacillin–tazobactam), cephalosporins (3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins, as well as cefuroxime and cefoxitin), the carbapenem imipenem, fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin
Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa (NCTC 10662) for Pseudomonas species. Phenotypic Detection of β-lactamases Broth cultures of each test strain as well as ampicillin-resistant E. coli strain NCTC 10418 (carrying pUC18
carcasses and feces of diarrheal patients in Belgium [ 27 ]. Similarly, Wei and Kang reported the resistance profile of 8 Campylobacter isolates from avian sources that were resistant to fluoroquinolones, ampicillin, tetracycline, and macrolides [ 28
tetracyclines, if necessary in combination [ 10 ]. Whereas non-O1/non-O139 strains are sensitive to most antibiotic agents [ 24, 25 ], antimicrobial resistance of V. cholerae isolates has only been reported to aminoglycosides, ampicillin and carbapenems to
Disk Content Ampicillin AMP 10 µg Amoxicillin AML 25
animals per cage) and treated with an antibiotic cocktail for eight weeks by adding ampicillin plus sulbactam (1 g/L; Dr. Friedrich Eberth Arzneimittel, Ursensollen, Germany), vancomycin (500 mg/L; Hikma Pharmaceuticals, London, UK), ciprofloxacin (200 mg
used was less susceptible to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and kanamycin and more susceptible to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Similarly, changes in antibiotic susceptibility in bacteria have been found after biocide exposure. Molina-González et al