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1 Introduction Antibiotics are used regularly for the treatment of diseases in animals. Additionally, they are applied to animals for enhancing feed efficiency and growth rate ( Greenless et al., 2012 ). Residues can occur in the edible tissues of
over those of animal origin, the consumption of less processed, mostly regional foods, and the reduction of animal protein consumption. In many cases, the requirements of healthy and environmentally friendly nutrition coincide, and several studies have
way to solve the problem associated with agricultural residues [ 9 ]. The disposal of agricultural residues from plants and animals are inappropriately managed. These wastes pollute our environment. Sibi et al. [ 10 ] reported that about 40–50% of the
pollinate with the aid of biotical using several animals or insects. Others pollinate via water or wind. Pollination [ 24 ] can be accomplished by cross-pollination or self-pollination, depending on whether it involves flowers from different plants or
References Blanco , M. , Jurie , C. , Micol , D. , Agabriel , J. , Picard , B. & Garcia-Launay , F. ( 2013 ): Impact of animal
and Annexes X, XIV and XV to Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 as regards the provisions on processed animal protein . Off. J. Eur. Union L138/92 FAO ( 2012 ): Composition database for Biodiversity Version
The lactic acid bacteria are key microorganisms for the production and preservation of fermented dairy products, cheeses, sourdough bread, and lacto-fermented vegetables. This study was developed to monitor lactic acid produced by Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 and Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393, as single strains and combined, in fermenting media by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy coupled to multivariate statistical analysis. Media containing different mixtures of carbohydrates were chosen as model fermenting media for monitoring lactic acid concentration by infrared spectroscopy, due to the fact that vegetable and animal food matrices could contain different carbohydrates as carbon sources. Three different types of media were obtained by adding different carbohydrates to a basic MRS medium. HPLC was used as reference method for lactic acid quantification. The calibration set (n=36) was used for building model, while a validation set (n=13) for testing the robustness of the developed model. The coefficients of determination between predicted and reference values were 0.986 and 0.965, while root mean square error for calibration and validation sets recorded values of 0.127 and 0.263 g·l−1, respectively. Results confirmed the efficiency of FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistics, as a rapid, reliable, and cost-effective tool for routine monitoring of lactic acid.
:2 ( 2003 ): Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs. Horizontal method for the enumeration of micro-organisms . EN ISO 6579 ( 2006 ): Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs
for Animal Production , Session 12, Theatre 8, Nantes, France, 96. Bonny , S.P. , Pethick , D.W. , Legrand , I. , Wierzbicki , J. , Allen , P
. Advances in Bulgarian Science , 4 , 34 – 31 . EN ISO 21527-2. ( 2011 ): Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs. Horizontal method for the determination of yeasts and moulds. Part 2: Colony count technique in products
