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The aim was to examine conditions of convective drying and spray-drying to improve preservation of lycopene content in tomatoes. The weight, size, colour, pH and °Brix values were evaluated in fresh fruit (FF) and colour (L, a, b), hue, and chrome indices were analysed from dried tomatoes, too. Tomato paste was dried (40, 50, 60, and 80 °C with times of 540, 390, 270, and 240 min) under convection conditions and pulverized. In the encapsulation treatments core material with tomato powders of 50, 60, and 70%, shell solution of maltodextrin/gum arabic 1:1, flow rate of 4, 6, 9, and 12 ml min–1, and inlet air T of 160, 170, and 180 °C were used. The physicochemical properties of FF corresponded to a degree of ripeness for consumption. The a, a/b, and hue values of dried tomatoes at 50 °C significantly correlated to red colouring and higher lycopene content (47.98±1.49 mg/100 g). The encapsulation with 50% and 60% of tomato powders, 170 °C and 9 ml min–1 treatments increased lycopene contents to 10.41 mg/100 g, 10.20 mg/100 g, and 11.51 mg/100 g, respectively. The results demonstrated that the physicochemical and functional properties were influenced by drying conditions, providing useful information for increasing the stability of lycopene in dried tomatoes.
., 2020 ). Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a source of bioactive phytochemicals as lycopene, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, and phenolic compounds ( Chaudhary et al., 2018 ). Tomato is a climacteric fruit and continues to ripen after harvest, therefore
. Tomato is a significant source of lycopene, which is associated with several health benefits. Lycopene has biological and chemical properties that explain its high antioxidant activity, and especially help in the deactivation of singlet oxygen and the
, carotenoids (lycopene, β-carotene) are of special interest due to their role in reduction of the onset of several types of cancer ( G iovannucci , 1999 ) and cardiovascular ( G ammone et al., 2015 ) or neurodegenerative diseases ( R ao & R ao , 2007 ). In
functional substances. Solubilisation of phytochemicals like curcumin, resveratrol, carotenoids such as lycopene, beta-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin using nanoemusions was reported ( Huang et al., 2010 ). Bioavailability of essential oils can be increased
increase their oxidative stability during a 45-day storage at 4 °C. They observed significant decrease in redness (a*) of samples containing norbixin and lycopene, which can be attributed to the partial decomposition of those pigments while exerting their
than the self-rooted ones, also their lycopene content was higher. The vintage effect can significantly influence the organoleptic parameters of melons ( Bett-Garber et al., 2003 ). Conclusion Grafting of cucurbits is very popular today. Grafted
