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. , Avezzù F. To centralise or to decentralise: An overview of the most recent trends in wastewater treatment management , Journal of Environmental Management , Vol. 94 , No. 1 , 2012 , pp. 61 – 68 . [3
Abstract
A welded steel protective cover used for the heat treatment of steel sheet coils is investigated. The protective cover is made of austenitic stainless steel and consists of three main segments, welded together, which have 1400 mm height each. The plate thicknesses at the lower, middle and upper segments are different. The investigation aimed to improve the lifetime and the number of heat cycles of the protective cover by changing the geometry, the effect of the thicknesses and the material. Damaged covers have been evaluated, made calculations of stress and deformations, and carried out a series of finite element simulations. Both horizontal and vertical corrugated sheets were simulated and compared. The non-corrugated plates were also investigated, but their performance was behind the corrugated ones. The original geometry and that of the horizontal corrugated plate are identical from the stress level point of view. The vertical position of the corrugated plate provided a better result than the horizontal one. The calculated and simulated results for the original geometry are close to the measured damage.
from corncob waste material to apply as cathodes for lithium-sulfur [ 12 ]. Honeycomb-like porous carbon was prepared from pine cone flowers by carbonization at 900 °C and alkali treatment with an aqueous solution of KOH [ 22 ]. Micro-mesoporous carbon
1. Introduction Zeolites have complex alumosilicate frameworks. These frameworks contain large channels and interconnected cages. We use zeolites in gas and petroleum industry, water softening, sewage treatment
treatment or sample preparation was required. The fossil samples were mounted on a SEM stub and then Au-coated to make them conductive. The use of a FEI Helios 600 Nanolab FIB, equipped with a field emission gun (FEG) and an Inca X-ray analysis
castings are normally (but not totally) limited to non-structural components that do not require such a heat treatment or welding. Porosity causes more rejected castings than any other factor. In cold-chamber die casting of aluminum alloys, air and
chemical oxidization treatment (GO1), the graphene have become even more exfoliated, and individual GO sheets can be observed with wrinkled edges. After thermal oxidization, the morphology of GO particles has changed, and smaller-sized platelets (100–600 nm
] Wilson D. J. , Williams R. L. , Pond R. C. ( 2001 ), Plasma modification of PTFE surfaces. Part I: Surfaces immediately following plasma treatment . Surface and Interface Analysis , 31 , 385 – 396 . DOI: 10.1002/sia
solution heat treatment, the aluminum alloy is heated to a temperature range between 400 and 540 °C in order to re-dissolve the soluble alloying elements in solution to produce a single phase solution, that is, a solute-rich solid solution after holding at
Segmentation is one of important methods in medical images processing, particularly as it allows images to be analysed. The method used for segmentation depends on the image problem to be resolved. In this research, knee cartilage needs to be segmented to determine the level of the Osteoarthritis (OA) and for further treatment. Knee cartilage is a soft hyline sponge that is located at the end of the femur, tibia and patella bone to release friction during movement. OA is a knee cartilage problem wherein there is a thinning of the cartilage that results in a shift especially happening between femur and tibia bone causing discomfort and pain. Thinning of the knee cartilage is due to many factors such as age, body weight, genetic, accident, sport injury and extreme use such as physical work. OA can occur to a male or female, child or adult. The effects experienced by patients with OA are such as difficulty to walk, limited movement, and pain in the thin cartilage areas. Monitoring of patients' condition needs to be done to help reduce the problem and thereby enable specialists to perform the appropriate treatment. Imaging is a method used today to monitor the condition of patients with OA. Previous studies showed that MRI is a suitable method for monitoring the condition of patients with OA because of its advantages in visualising knee cartilage more clearly than other imaging methods. Thus, for segmenting the knee cartilage which as mentioned before is an important process in medical images processing, the MR images were selected based on many factors. Segmentation in this study was aimed to obtain the cartilage region to diagnose patient OA level. Various segmentation techniques have been developed by researchers in segmenting the knee cartilage region but they have been unable to segment precisely due to the thin structure of the knee cartilage, especially for patients with intermediate and severe OA. COMSeg technique was developed to segment knee cartilage, especially for those experiencing a normal and intermediate OA and try to implement it to severe OA. The development of this new technique takes into account the imaging method used, the images feature obtained so it can be suitable to process knee image and then selection of an appropriate technique to be applied to the selected images as input.
