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Nanoparticle Concentration Eff. results max/increase % Comments [ 17 ] Water Al 2 O 3 0.2, 0.25, 0.3%wt 13% Al 2 O 3 , 11% Fe 2 O 3 Variable flow rate [ 18 ] Water Al 2 O 3 3, 1%vol 52.4, 73 Variable incident angles [ 19 ] Water TiO 2 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5%vol 56
nonionic 25 days [ 55 ] ZnO EG 3hours + stirring non 6 h [ 56 ] TiO 2 water 60 min Acetic acid 35 days [ 57 ] CuO DI water 270 min SDS 45 days [ 58 ] CNT water 20 min SDBS 30 days [ 59 ] Ag-MWCNT water 40 min non 40 h [ 60 ] Cu water 15 min CTAB 7 days [ 61
application widely in concrete due to high specific surface area, which also improves the strength and durability of the concrete [ 44 ]. Apart from nano silica, many other materials, for instance, nano TiO 2 , nano Fe 2 O 3 , nano Al 2 O 3 , etc. are used as
and emissions of diesel engines. Antioxidant additives in biodiesel effectively reduce the free radicals formation and improve the oxidation stability of the fuel. The TiO 2 nano-additive is eco-friendly, low cost, and non-toxic compared to other nano
that the pool boiling performance decreased while adding those nanoparticles. Trisaksri and Wongwises [ 14 ] carried out an experimental study to investigate the pool boiling heat transfer performance of titanium oxide nanoparticles TiO 2 based R141b
experimental works examined various nanoparticles namely (Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , MWCNT, CuO, SiO 2 , Nano silica, Ag) in various places of the world and under various conditions. In addition, these researchers examined the mentioned nanoparticles with
pure water are used as cooling mediums. In the study [ 36 ], laminar forced convection heat transfer of Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 nanoparticles-based water nanofluids inside a vertical tube was numerically studied. The results of this work indicate that the
3.3 0.3 0.5 SO 3 3.0 0.5 0.1 MgO 1.2 1.3 0.6 K 2 O 0.6 0.4 0.4 Na 2 O 0.2 – 13.1 MnO 0.3 – – TiO 2 0.3 – – Surface area (cm 2 /kg) 3,850 – – Moisture – 10 – 2.2 Fine aggregate The river sand was collected from the Drava River near Pécs, Hungary
