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measurement of discrete cases of pathological gambling to the broader challenge of evaluating exposure and harm associated with all levels of participation (not just problem gambling). Recently, several forms of gambling severity (e
positive relationships between alexithymia and the severity of GD ( Cosenza, Baldassare, Matarazzo, & Nigro, 2014 ; Elmas, Cesur, & Oral, 2017 ; Gori et al., 2016 ; Mitrovic & Brown, 2009 ; Parker et al., 2005 ). In addition, several studies
–Utah Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale for childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms, the 9-item Problem Gambling Severity Index from the Canandian Problem Gambling Index, and the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale for the severity of
. Fiorilli , V. , Catoni , M. , Francia , D. , Cardinale , F. , Lanfranco , L. ( 2011 ). The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis reduces disease severity in tomato plants infected by Botrytis cinerea . J. Plant Pathol. 93 , 237 – 242
and addiction severity (IAT and DSM scores) were statistically analyzed using R ( www.R-project.org ). Spectral dynamic causal modeling ROI selection and ROI-specific time series extraction
al., 2017 ; Wang et al., 2016 ). For example, individuals with IGD have shown higher levels of impulsivity compared with an alcohol dependence (AD) group ( Choi et al., 2014b ), and the severity of Internet addiction is related to impulsivity ( Lee
IA and HC participants during the WM task in different frequency bands (delta: 1–4 Hz; theta: 4–8 Hz; alpha: 8–12 Hz; beta: 12–30 Hz; gamma: 30–45 Hz). Subsequently, the relationship between extracted neurophysiologic indices and subjects’ IA severity
H. Nicolini 2004 Severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms is related to self-directedness character trait in obsessive-compulsive disorder CNS Spectr
symptom severity. Both tools are validated in addictive behaviors ( Back, Brady, Sonne, & Verduin, 2006 ; Berenz et al., 2016 ; Freeman & Kimbrell, 2004 ; Michaels et al., 2000 ). Moreover, the latter tool has a convergent validity with neurobiological
43A 237 248 Góral, T., Ochodzki, P. 2006a. Effect of severity of Fusarium head blight and kernel infection with Fusarium culmorum on mycotoxin content in
