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EOs; and a positive control containing all medium, DMSO, pneumococci, and vancomycin. Plates were incubated aerobically at 37 °C for 24 h. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentration of EOs at which no visible growth was detected. For MBC
, MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are frequently observed etiologic agents of nosocomial (i.e., hospital-acquired) infections [ 19 ]. The Klebsiella genus is part of the
, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin), aminoglycosides (gentamicin and tobramycin), glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin), the macrolide erythromycin, the lincosamide clindamycin, the streptogramin quinupristin, tetracycline, the glycylcycline tigecycline, the
, namely, compounds active against Gram-positive bacteria including MRSA (vancomycin and linezolid), active against Gram-negative bacteria and with antipseudomonal β-lactam-based agents (piperacillin–tazobactam, cefepime, ceftazidime, carbapenems and
–8) 1.75 (0–3) Number of previous failure of vancomycin therapy (%) 11 (68.75) 30 (68.18) Number of previous
combination: Antagonistic interaction between epsilon-viniferin and vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . Biomed Res Int 2014 , 461756 ( 2014 ). 9
isolates is very important to achieve optimal antimicrobial therapy [ 6 ]. Presumptive phenotypic identification based on colony morphology, antibiotic disks (5 μg vancomycin, 1,000 μg kanamycin, and 10 μg colistin), spot tests, and microscopic morphology
-analysis of data was selected based on previous studies on the use of intracameral cefuroxime and vancomycin and cefotaxime [ 5 , 17 , 18 ]. Kramann et al. [ 17 ] reported that more than 4 weeks after cataract surgery, endothelial cells losing were not
, minocycline, cefotaxime, vancomycin, and cefazolin used as antibiotic lock therapy [ 21 ]. There has always been a fear of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains with the use of antibiotics as a catheter lock, however, the results are controversial [ 22
with 4 mg of ciprofloxacin and 20 g of sorbitol ( Bujalance et al., 2006 ). Viable counts of L. fermentum were determined on MRS agar with vancomycin (20 mg L −1 ) ( Coeuret et al., 2003 ). Inoculated plates in duplicate were incubated under anaerobic
