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and peroxides and decarboxylation of some organic acids, electro-catalytic activity and resistance to corrosion [ 4 ]. Copper ferrite can be successfully used in catalysis for the water gas shift reaction [ 5 ], CO oxidation and NO x reduction
chemical resistance under a wide range of operating conditions. Pintar et al. [ 12 ] have investigated the CWAO of two acidic and alkaline kraft bleach plant effluents in a trickle-bed reactor over titania-supported ruthenium catalyst. Besson and Gallezot
, iron oxides are used for many applications because of their non-toxicity, low processing cost, availability, and high resistance to oxidative change. However, the particles of iron oxides are difficult to be protected because they incline to agglomerate
) from the main stream (bulk) to the catalyst surface is located in the thin boundary layer, in which only concentration gradient exists. This means that the whole transfer resistance is defined by the convective mass transfer coefficient, depending on
advantage of not only high photocatalytic activity, but also good acid resistance, low cost, and no toxicity, which makes titanium dioxide one of the best photocatalytic agents [ 3 , 4 ]. Titania can exist as an amorphous layer and also in three
]. Many efforts have been paid to designing catalytic materials that present the highest activity and the best resistance to poisons present in exhaust gases. Noble metal catalysts appeared as the best candidates [ 6 ]. Their properties in the complete
) and dissociate to form active H • because of the difference of chemical potential between “phases”. Then part of the active H • can overcome certain resistance to reach the surface of H 3 PW or CsH 2 PW, Cs 2 HPW (phase II) catalyst and combine with
zeolite crystals have shorter internal channels. It is envisaged that the transgranular diffusion resistance of the latter is smaller than that of the former, resulting in higher selective formation of aromatics over the latter. In view of the
presenting higher activity, the effects of the catalyst concentration, the air flow rate and the reaction time were also investigated. Another set of experiments aimed to investigate the resistance of the catalysts under operating conditions and the
resistance inside the catalyst, as mentioned by Chen et al. [ 17 ]. However, obvious catalyst deactivation could only be detected after a certain amount of coke is deposited already. Referring to the kinetic results in the early study [ 7 ], the methanol
