Linden, P.K., Miller, C.B.: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: The clinical effect of a common nosocomial pathogen. Diagn Micr Infect Dis 33 , 113–120 (1999). Miller C
), 421–433. 5 Leclercq, R., Derlot, E., Duval, J., et al.: Plasmid-mediated resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin in Enterococcus faecium. N. Engl. J. Med., 1988
resistance genes, such as aph(2′′)-Ib, aph(2′′)-Ic , and aph(2′′)-Id , have been recognized among gentamicin-resistant strains. The aph(3′)-IIIa and ant(4′)-Ia genes also encode resistance to various aminoglycosides [ 7 , 8 ]. Vancomycin
Resolution of the enantiomers of racemic atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, and labetalol, commonly used β-blockers, has been achieved by TLC on silica gel plates using vancomycin as chiral impregnating reagent or as chiral mobile phase additive. With vancomycin as impregnating agent, successful resolution of the enantiomers of atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, and labetalol was achieved by use of the mobile phases acetonitrile-methanol-water-dichloromethane 7:1:1:1 ( v/v ), acetonitrile-methanol-water 6:1:1 ( v/v ), acetonitrile-methanol-water-dichloromethane-glacial acetic acid 7:1:1:1:0.5 ( v/v ), and acetonitrile-methanol-water 15:1:1 ( v/v ), respectively. With vancomycin as mobile phase additive, successful resolution of the enantiomers of metoprolol, propranolol, and labetalol was achieved by use of the mobile phases acetonitrile-methanol-0.56 mM aqueous vancomycin (pH 5.5) 6:1:1 ( v/v ), acetonitrile-methanol-0.56 mM aqueous vancomycin (pH 5.5) 15:1:2 ( v/v ), and acetonitrile-methanol-0.56 mM aqueous vancomycin (pH 5.5)-dichloromethane 9:1:1.5:1 ( v/v ), respectively. Spots were detected by use of iodine vapor. The detection limits were 1.3, 1.2, 1.5, and 1.4 μg for each enantiomer of atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, and labetalol, respectively.
Cetinkaya, Y., Falk, P., Mayhall, C. G.: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 13 , 686–707 (2000). Mayhall C. G
, K., Gacs, M.: First vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium outbreak reported in Hungary. Eur. Surveill. 10 , E010527 (2005). Gacs M. First vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
. Recently presented papers showed that overall metronidazole was inferior to vancomycin, and there is also an evidence of inferior microbiological efficacy of the previous drug [ 27 ]. In addition, Musher et al. [ 28 ] have found that metronidazole therapy
, making it a suitable choice for the treatment of MRSA infections [ 10–13 ]. Therefore, due to the efficiency of ceftaroline in previous studies, its fewer side effects, and the increased prevalence of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) in recent
