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that loss of inhibitory control, resulting from damage to the PFC, is crucial in addictive behaviors ( Balodis et al., 2012 ; Moccia et al., 2017 ). Although GD is a major public health concern, associated with high relapse rates and
BAs in U.S. adults is between 2% (Internet addiction) and 10% (work addiction), turning addiction especially BAs into a growing mental health issue ( Sussman, Lisha, & Griffiths, 2011 ). Various as addictive behaviors are, individuals with BAs share
. Anxiety Many individual factors have been associated with the development of addictive behaviors, including IA ( Anderson et al., 2016 ; Stavropoulos, Kuss, et al., 2016 ). In such a context, anxiety – as an individual risk factor – has
Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) ( Higuchi, 2019; World Health Organization, 2018 ). Individuals with schizophrenia sometimes engage in potentially addictive behaviors (e.g., psychoactive substance use, gambling, gaming, etc.) as a method for coping with
Identifying video game addiction in children and adolescents Addictive Behaviors 19 545 553 . W. Glasser
impulsivity in addictive behaviors Impulsivity is commonly impaired dimensionally across SUD ( Dalley et al., 2011 ; Voon & Dalley, 2016 ), and subcomponents have been shown to be a risk factor in the development of problematic substance use and SUD
this previous work, may not generalize to females. One factor potentially influencing females’ addictive behaviors is ovarian hormone fluctuations across the menstrual cycle (MC; Moran-Santa Maria, Flanagan, & Brady, 2014 ; Terner & de Wit
prenatal androgen exposure and addictive behaviors. Moreover, men with problematic video-gaming (a non-substance-related addictive behavior) exhibited lower 2D:4D ratios when compared with those with non-problematic video-gaming ( Kornhuber et al., 2013
& Caretti, 2016 ). Our results suggest that people with low self-esteem may seek dissociation and escape from discomfort through games and therefore have a higher risk of developing addictive behaviors or experiencing negative effects due to their
individuals via the smartphone (and the respective applications) may not result in addictive behavior related to the smartphone, hence, SmUD. Therefore, social use of the smartphone seems not to contribute to SmUD ( Elhai, Hall, et al., 2017; Elhai, Levine, et
