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Bowker KE, Noel AR, MacGowan AP. Comparative antibacterial effects of daptomycin, vancomycin and teicoplanin studied in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model of infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 64 , 1044
Nasal colonization with community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is being increasingly reported, especially in places where people are in close contact and in reduced hygiene, such as day-care centers. In this study we investigated the frequency of MRSA colonization and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in 1–6 years old children of day-care centers in Hamadan, West of Iran.Five hundred nasal swabs were collected from children of 27 day-care centers that had no risk factors for colonization by S. aureus. The specimens were cultured for isolation of S. aureus by standard methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. For evaluation of the frequency of erythromycin induced clindamycin resistance, disk approximation test (D-test) was applied.Totally, 148 (29.6%) children were colonized by S. aureus. Out of 260 male, 94 (36.2%) and of 240 female, 54 (22.5%) cases were nasal carriers of S. aureus (P value = 0.001). Six (4.1%) of the 148 S. aureus isolated from children were MRSA strains. None of MRSA and methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was resistant to vancomycin and clindamycin. Three of the 6 strains of MRSA and 7 (4.9%) of the 142 MSSA strains were resistant to erythromycin, and D-test was positive in all of them.We conclude that the rate of colonization by S. aureus is high in children attending day-care centers but colonization with MRSA is not common in our areas. Clindamycin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol could be used in mild to moderataly severe diseases caused by CA-MRSA. However, if the CA-MRSA isolates are erythromycin resistant, D-test should be carried out for detection of inducible clindamycin resistance.
-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus , mupirocin-resistant S. aureus , and vancomycin-resistant enterococci, in a concentration-dependent bactericidal manner [ 7 ]. Moreover, these favorable features are backed up with very low
of colonisation of patient and environment with vancomycin-resistant Enterococci . Lancet 348 , 1615–1619 (1996). Bonten M. J. M. Epidemiology of colonisation of patient and
development of different resistance mechanisms in S. epidermidis have led to the situation of emergence as limited number of antibacterial agents (e.g., vancomycin and linezolid) are available for treatment in severe hospital-acquired infections [ 12
962 964 Nosocomial enterococci resistant to vancomycin — United States, 1989–1993. Mmwr 42(30) , 597–599 (1993). Loeb, M., Salama, S., Armstrong
16 29 Tóth, A., Kispál, G., Ungvári, E., Violka, M., Szeberin, Z., Pászti, J., Molnár, K., Gacs, M., Füzi, M.: First report of heterogeneously vancomycin
Rehm, S. J., Tice, A.: Staphylococcus aureus: Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus to methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus . Clin. Infect. Dis. 51 , 176–182 (2010
a broad-spectrum antimicrobial that is important in the treatment of a wide range of clinical infections [ 8 ]. Although principal mechanisms of resistance to β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and vancomycin are well documented
) greater than 256 mg/L. All strains were ciprofloxacin-resistant, 83.1% were moxifloxacin-resistant, and 87.9% strains were imipenem-resistant. All strains were sensitive to tigecycline, metronidazole, and vancomycin. All ribotype 027 and 176 C. difficile
