, Cu K α radiation, 40 kV, 150 mA). The patterns were recorded over the 2 θ angle ranging from 5° to 30° at a scan rate of 8° min −1 . The surface acidity of catalysts were measured by the temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of NH 3 (BEL-CAT, BEL
recorded from a Micromeritics ASAP2010 analyzer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to illustrate the morphology of the catalysts on a HITACHI S-4800 instrument. Temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH 3 -TPD) was conducted using a JAPAN
with phenol [ 25 ]. In the present work, Ti–Si mixed oxides are synthesized by the sol–gel method, characterized by N 2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), NH 3 -temperature programmed desorption (NH 3 –TPD), Fourier transform infrared
acidity values. Fig. 4 gives a comparison of the percentage conversion and selectivity towards dealkylation and dehydrogenation with the acidity data. The total acidity of the catalysts as determined by the temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of
temperature programmed desorption of Pyridine (Py-TPD). 50 mg of each catalyst was pretreated at 150 °C under nitrogen flow for 1 h. Then Py was pulsed into the reactor at 250 °C under He flow until the acid sites were saturated. Finally, the physisorbed Py
to TMS. Temperature-programmed-desorption (TPD) profiles of ammonia from the platinum catalysts were examined using a homemade TPD apparatus. A 0.1 g platinum catalyst was charged in a quartz tube with an O.D. = 1/4′ and then activated in an
, B , Szombathely , MV , Hoffmann , J , Brauer , P . 1995 Characterization of the acidic properties of zeolites by means of temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of ammonia. Calculation of distribution function of the desorption energy . J
and CO 2 -TPD measurements . Thermochim Acta . 2006 ; 449 : 27 – 34 . 10.1016/j.tca.2006.07.019 . 9. Azzouz , A , Ursu , A-V , Nistor , D , Sajin , T , Assaad , E , Roy , R
-hydrotalcite oxides, usually assessed by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of carbon dioxide, is often invoked for explaining their catalytic activity in many reactions [ 6 – 8 ]. The drawback of such an approach is twofold: (i) it neglects any possible role of
-IR, TG/DTA, ICP-AES, NH 3 -TPD and N 2 gas adsorption methods were used for the characterization of the zeolite samples. In order to determine the chemical composition of fresh and reused catalysts, zeolite samples were analyzed by ICP-AES (Perkin
