methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus but not vancomycin-resistant enterococci acquisition: A nested case-control study. Crit Care 15 , R210 (2011). Platt R. Colonization with
-Ala residue from peptidoglycan termini by means of a d -lactase or d -serine that is responsible for resistance to vancomycin or the enzymatic inactivation of drugs by modification of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) [ 22 ]. Ciprofloxacin as a
failure of a 2-week vancomycin therapy with or without an alternative antibiotic. Major exclusion criteria included acute abdomen, signs of perforation, recent operation with the opening of the upper or lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract, upper GI tract
supernatant was measured. S. aureus incubated with PBS alone and with vancomycin was used as control. 1.7 Potassium (K + ) and protein leakages The potassium and protein leakages were performed according to the method of Akinpelu and co-workers (2015). S
Hiromatsu, K., Hanaki, H., Ino, T., Yabuta, K., Oguri, T., Tenover, F. C.: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain with reduced vancomycin susceptibility. J Antimicrob Chemother 40 , 135 (1997) Methicillin
culture (peripheral vein) 16S rRNA gene sequencing Metronidazole 5 Case 3 61-woman Abdominal fluid 16S rRNA gene sequencing Percutaneous drainage vancomycin, piperacillin-tazobactam 6 Case 4 68-woman Surgical wound
of vancomycin (sensitive 100%) and ciprofloxacin (sensitive 56%). Total resistance rate of antibiotic in strains separated from urine and wound samples was more than other strains. Resistance to vancomycin was not observed in any strain
13 1 13 Elizaga, M.L., Weinstein, R.A., Hayden, M.K.: Patients in long-term care facilities: A reservoir for vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. Clin
pathogenicity island in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis . Nature 417 , 746-750 (2002). Modulation of virulence within a pathogenicity island in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. J Antimicrob Chemother 44 , 31–36 (1999). Carbon C. Costs of treating infections caused by
