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. , Song , Y. and Cao , Y. ( 2015 ): Identification and pathogenicity of a variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus field strain with reduced virulence . Virol. J. 12 , 88 – 92 .
. , Wolffe , E. J. and Moss , B. ( 2000 ): The vaccinia virus A14.5L gene encodes a hydrophobic 53-amino-acid virion membrane protein that enhances virulence in mice and is conserved among vertebrate poxviruses . J. Virol. 74 , 4085 – 4092
(enteroinvasive E. coli ) share similar genetic (analogous virulence plasmid) and biochemical features [ 7 ]. Unlike E. coli , Shigella isolates are less active biochemically and react with limited set of antisera and shared with EIEC pathogenicity genes [ 8
. Molins , C. R. , Delorey , M. J. , Yockey , B. M. , Young , J. W. , Sheldon , S. W. , Reese , S. M. , Schriefer , M. E. and Petersen , J. M. ( 2010 ): Virulence differences among Francisella tularensis subsp . tularensis clades in
. , Kononen , E. , Virolainen-Julkunen , A. R. , Vaara , M. and Tissari , P. ( 2009 ): Detection of virulence genes of Clostridium difficile by multiplex PCR . APMIS 117 , 607 – 613
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays a key role in the evolution of bacterial pathogens. The exchange of genetic material supplies prokaryotes with several fitness traits enhancing their adaptive response to environmental changes. Pathogenicity islands (PAIs) represent an important and in most cases already immobilized subset of the different vehicles for HGT. Encoding several virulence factors PAIs represent a major contribution to bacterial pathogenicity. Nonetheless, the transfer mechanisms of PAIs still remain elusive. We summarise the currently available data regarding the major ways of genetic mobilisation with a focus on the transfer of the Yersinia High-Pathogenicity Island (HPI).
eredményei, 2013.] [Hungarian] 21 Blumental, S., Granger-Farbos, A., Moïsi, J. C., et al.: Virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Comparison between African and
virulence and zoonotic potential of Streptococcus suis . Sci Rep. 2016; 6: 28984. 4 Liu H, Gao XY, Fu SH, et al. Molecular evolution of emerging
. 16 Kuczmog Z. Examination of virulence markers of West Nile virus. [A nyugat-nílusi vírus virulencia markereinek vizsgálata.] Thesis. Budapest, 2014. [Hungarian
. Chiers , K. , de Waele , T. , Pasmans , F. , Ducatelle , R. and Haesebrouck , F. ( 2010 ): Virulence factors of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae involved in colonisation, persistence and induction of lesions in its porcine host . Vet. Res
