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- Author or Editor: J. A. García x
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Abstract
Sodium titanium germanate with a semicrystalline framework (STG) of the formula Na3H(TiO)3(GeO)(GeO4)3·7H2O was synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions and its proton form, H4(TiO)3(GeO)(GeO4)3·8H2O (STG-H), was prepared by acid treatment of the sodium compound. The STG was characterized by elemental analysis, TGA, FT-IR, and X-ray powder diffraction. A comparative ion exchange examination of the STG-H towards alkali and alkaline earth metals in a broad pH and concentration range was carried out. It was found that the STG is a moderately weak cation exchanger, possessing high ion exchange capacity (up to 4.0 meq/g) and showing preference for heavy alkali and alkaline earth metals. The STG selectivity towards Cs+ and Sr2+ ions in the presence of competitive metal ions and certain organic compounds was also studied. The data obtained suggest that the sodium titanium germanate is a more selective exchanger for Sr2+ ion than its titanium silicate analogue, K3H(TiO)4(SiO4)3·4H2O.
The thermal decompositions of divalent cobalt, cadmium, nickel and copper salicylates and intermediates formed during the decomposition processes were investigated by means of thermogravimetry. Two intermediates were identified in each case, except for copper(II) salicylate.
Here we present a new proof of Blatter's result: a normed space is complete if every bounded closed convex subset has an element of minimum norm. We also present geometrical conditions for the existence of minimum-norm elements in bounded closed convex sets. Also, we characterize reflexivity in the class of Banach spaces by means of contraction functions. Furthermore, we study what happens if we remove the completeness hypothesis.
Abstract
Abstract
Solid bisphenol-A epoxy resin of medium molecular mass was cured using a Lewis acid initiator (ytterbium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate) in three different proportions (0.5, 1 and 2 phr). A kinetic study was performed in a differential scanning calorimeter. The complete kinetic triplet was determined (activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and integral function of the degree of conversion) for each system. A kinetic analysis was performed with an integral isoconversional procedure (free model), and the kinetic model was determined both with the Coats-Redfern method (the obtained isoconversional value being accepted as the effective activation energy) and through the compensation effect. All the systems followed the same isothermal curing model simulated from non-isothermal ones. The growth-of-nuclei Avrami kinetic model A3/2 has been proposed as the polymerization kinetic model. The addition of initiator accelerated the reaction especially when 2 phr was added. 0.5 and 1 phr showed very few kinetic differences between them.
Abstract
Solid bisphenol-A epoxy resin (DGEBA) of medium molecular mass was cured using o-tolylbiguanide (TBG) as cross-linking agent. In order to improve the kinetics of the reactive system, two Lewis acid catalysts (erbium(III) and ytterbium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonates) were added in proportions of 1 phr. The kinetic study was performed by dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the complete kinetic triplet (E, A and g(α)) determined. The kinetic analysis was performed with an integral isoconversional procedure (model-free), and the kinetic model was determined by the Coats-Redfern method and through the compensation effect (IKR). All the systems followed the m=1.5/n=0.5 isothermal curing model simulated from non-isothermal experiments. The addition of a little proportion of ytterbium or erbium triflates accelerated the curing process. In order to extract further information about the role of the lanthanide triflates added to epoxy/TBG systems, the kinetic results were compared with our previous kinetic studies made on DGEBA/lanthanide triflates initiated systems.
Abstract
Here we show a comparison of top economics departments in the US and EU based on a summary measure of the multidimensional prestige of influential papers in 2010. The multidimensional prestige takes into account that several indicators should be used for a distinct analysis of structural changes at the score distribution of paper prestige. We argue that the prestige of influential articles should not only consider one indicator as a single dimension, but in addition take into account further dimensions, since several different indicators have been developed to evaluate the impact of academic papers. After having identified the multidimensionally influential articles from an economics department, their prestige scores can be aggregated to produce a summary measure of the multidimensional prestige of research output of this department, which satisfies numerous properties.
Abstract
Here we show a longitudinal analysis of the overall prestige of first quartile journals during the period between 1999 and 2009, on the subject areas of Scopus. This longitudinal study allows us to analyse developmental trends over times in different subject areas with distinct citation and publication patterns. To this aim, we first introduce an axiomatic index of the overall prestige of journals with ranking score above a given threshold. Here we demonstrate that, between 1999 and 2009, there was high and increasing overall prestige of first quartile journals in only four areas of Scopus. Also, there was high and decreasing overall prestige of first quartile journals in five areas. Two subject areas showed high and oscillating overall prestige of first quartile journals. And there was low and increasing overall prestige in four areas, since the 1999.
