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- Author or Editor: L. Santos x
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Abstract
The thermal degradation process of mineral base lubricating oils was studied in this work by means of thermal, spectroscopic and rheologic analysis. The lubricating oils were degraded at temperatures varying from 150 to 210C, and for degradation times from 1 to 48 h. After the degradation, the lubricating oils were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, IR and NMR spectroscopies, rheological properties and thermal analyses (TG/DSC). The spectroscopic analyses determined the oxidation reaction products. TG curves indicate that the thermal stability of lubricating oils is below 161C. TG curves in air present three mass loss stages, whereas in nitrogen there are only two mass loss steps. DSC analyses in air indicate two highly exothermic peaks related to hydrocarbon oxidation and combustion processes, while in nitrogen only two endothermic peaks were observed. The decrease in the degradation temperature led to a decrease of the lubricant viscosity.
Abstract
In isoperibol temperature-rise calorimetry, different approaches can lead to the corrected temperature rise. The description of the methodology, as well as an improvement in the approach to the accurate numerical calculation of the corrected temperature rise in isoperibol calorimetry, based on the comparison between the exponential functional description of the initial and final periods and an independent third order polynomial fitting, is presented. The latter is focused on the strategy of minimizing the result dependency on the definition of the main period of the reaction. Furthermore, the dedicated software application Labtermo is introduced.
Abstract
Optimal conditions for coupling sheep anti-T3 IgG to a solid phase are presented. We found that the optimal activation of microcrystalline cellulose was achieved with 0.15M 1,1
-carbonyldiimidazol (CDI) in acetone. We also found that using a 25 mg/cm3 anti-T3 IgG solution, in barbitone buffer 0.05M, pH 8.0, we could get a reasonable yield of coupling and a remaining solution of anti-T3 IgG (first supernatant) with a suitable concentration (
10 mg/cm3) for another coupling. The solid phase anti-T3 obtained in these two couplings present similar characteristics which make possible their use in a total T3 RIA.
Abstract
The development of an automated water target for the production of18F is described. The system was fully fested and shown to be reliable and secure. The chemical separation of18F was carried out using an anionexchange resin and K2CO3 as eluent. The18F production yields were, on average, (4.81±0.42) MBq/
Ah and the specific activity was higher than 6.623×105 MBq/mmol. Heat transfer measurements and calculations were made.
Abstract
The decay products of uranium and thorium natural series are widely distributed in all the terrestrial crust. Their concentrations are considerable in the phosphates utilized as fertilizer in the Brazilian agriculture. In this work analysis was performed on238U,234U,232Th,238Th,226Ra and210Po in 22 Brazilian tobacco samples. The results showed238U and234U are in isotopic activity equilibrium (0.5±0.2 mBq/g). The equilibrium was not reached in the case of thorium isotopes: the228/232Th ratio was about 6.4. The average values obtained were 34.3 mBq/g for228Th and 5.4 mBq/g for232Th. The226Ra values were higher than its radioactive precursor,238U. This can be explained by the high affinity of radium to tobacco plant and the uranium removal during physical and chemical processes. The high concentration of210Po (20 mBq/g) in tobacco samples may be due to radon daughter products being electrically charged and then attaching themselves to inert dusts, which then become attached to tiny hairs on tobacco leaves. The results of this work are consistent with values presented in specialized literature.
Abstract
The non-isothermal data given by TG curves for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) were studied in order to obtain a consistent kinetic model that better represents the PHB thermal decomposition. Thus, data obtained from the dynamic TG curves were suitably managed in order to obtain the Arrhenius kinetic parameter E according to the isoconversional F-W-O method. Once the E parameters is found, a suitable logA and kinetic model (f(α)) could be calculated. Hence, the kinetic triplet (E±SD, logA±SD and f(α)) obtained for the thermal decomposition of PHB under non-isothermal conditions was E=152±4 kJ mol−1, logA=14.1±0.2 s−1 for the kinetic model, and the autocatalytic model function was: f(α)=αm(1−α)n=α0.42(1−α)0.56.
Abstract
SnO2-based materials are used as sensors, catalysts and in electro–optical devices. This work aims to synthesize and characterize the SnO2/Sb2O3-based inorganic pigments, obtained by the polymeric precursor method, also known as Pechini method (based on the metallic citrate polymerization by means of ethylene glycol). The precursors were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). After characterization, the precursors were heat-treated at different temperatures and characterized by X-ray diffraction. According to the TG/DTA curves basically two-step mass loss process was observed: the first one is related to the dehydration of the system; and the second one is representative to the combustion of the organic matter. Increase of the heat treatment temperature from 500 to 600C and 700C resulted higher crystallinity of the formed product.
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), PHB has been structurally modified through reaction with maleic anhydride, MA. Transesterification reaction was carried out fixing the PHB and MA and besides time and temperature the concentration of the triethylamine (used as catalyst) was changed. Glass transition, melting and crystallization temperature obtained from DSC curves and thermal degradation temperatures obtained from TG traces were used to evaluate the influence of the reaction conditions on the modification of PHB according to factorial design. On the base of the results the optimum conditions are to perform the PHB modification reaction with MA reaction at 110C for 1 h with 5% v/v triethylamine.
Abstract
Internal contamination with radioactive materials of mining workers is a common problem in Brazil. This is caused by the presence of uranium, thorium, and their natural decay series associated with the mined ore. The clear examples are the workers at the niobium mine located in the state of Goiás. The niobium is associated with considerable quantities of uranium and thorium, but the mine is not legally subject to radiation protection requirements.Twenty mine workers were evaluated using 
in vitro
bioassay techniques (urine and feces). The fecal samples were analyzed by alpha spectrometry using the method developed in the Bioassay Laboratory of the Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria/CNEN which evaluates thorium and uranium isotopes simultaneously. Minor modifications were introduced to measure a higher level of activity, around 1 Bq of uranium per sample. The urine samples were analyzed by alpha spectrometry for thorium and by fluorimetry for uranium. The results obtained show that a control of the occupationally-exposed workers is necessary.
