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Solidago canadensis L., (Asteraceae) has been used in European phytotherapy as a urological and antiphlogistical remedy for centuries. The behaviour of dissolution of mineral elements into different tinctures and aqueous extracts obtained from Solidaginis herba was investigated in connection with their quercetin glycoside and organic acid amount. Commonly applied aqueous and alcoholic extracts were analysed for Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, S, Ti, V and Zn content. The concentrations of the minerals examined were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Determination of the flavonoids in solidaginis herba and extracts was carried out by a spectrophotometric method, as required by the German Pharmacopoea. For the study of the flavonoid composition of crude drug, the HPLC technique was applied. To determine the relative nutrient contribution of these pharmaceuticals to the diet, data obtained were combined with flavonoid content particulars, then a comparison with U.S Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) was made. For evaluation of the phytotherapeutic relevance, k/Na ratio was also calculated. It has been found that the pharmaceuticals examined are important sources of potassium, chromium, manganese, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and lower sources of iron and zinc, assuming a daily intake of 1-2 l aqueous extracts as recommended for urological diseases. Flavonoid content of the different Solidaginis herba extracts ranged from 62.4 mg l-1 to 305.2 mg l-1.
In in vitro studies it was detected that the juice from the choleretic black radish root had hydrogen donating and d-field element-chelating abilities. The juice exhibited strong reducing power property and radical scavenging effect in H2O2/∙OH luminol system.
With the help of short term animal experiment we examined the in vivo effect of Raphanus sativus root juice on hyperlipidemia in rats.
A chemiluminescent study was applied to determine the total scavenger activity (TSC) of erythrocytes and plasma of untreated and treated animals. We also determined the different liver enzyme activities: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and metabolite concentrations (cholesterol, triacylglycerols, total bilirubin, glucose) by spectrophotometry in the sera.
In our study, using experimental hyperlipidemic condition, it has been detected that black radish root juice could moderate the injurious effect of lipid rich diet in rats in vivo.
Summary
Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed on supercritical-fluid and conventional Soxhlet extracts of Betula pendula Roth., Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., and Platanus hybrida Brot. bark. The effect of the two extraction methods on extraction yields was compared. Lupeol and β-sitosterol were identified in the bark extracts by TLC and by GC-MS. The main components were betulin and lupeol followed by β-sitosterol; betulinic acid seemed to be a minor constituent. Betulin content was determined by RP-HPLC, with acetonitrile-water 80:20 (v/v) as mobile phase. Comparison of the extraction methods showed that supercritical-fluid (scCO2 + EtOH) and ethanolic Soxhlet extraction resulted in the highest extraction yields. Accumulation of betulin derivatives was higher in supercritical-fluid extracts (scCO2 + EtOH) than in conventional Soxhlet extracts.
