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- Author or Editor: Ádám Koncz x
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Az interocepció tudatos aspektusainak fejlődéséről és fejlesztéséről
Development and improvement of the conscious aspects of interoception
Background: From birth onwards, interoceptive information and its higher level of integration play an important role in survival and psychological functioning. Only a minority of this vast amount of information reach consciousness. Interoception can be divided into three categories: interoceptive accuracy, interoceptive sensitivity and interoceptive awareness. Aim: The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the developmental aspects of interoception and to present empirical findings on correlated of interoception in childhood and opportunities for its improvement. Method: We first review how interoception is included in different developmental theories, then we present the empirical results available in the literature, and finally we summarise the options for improvement. Results: Of the various theorists, György Ádám gives the most complex approach; the central element of his theory is that the individual’s attention is increasingly directed towards external stimuli after birth. Nevertheless, it seems that the perception of interoceptive feelings can be relearned later. Some factors, such as symptoms of anxiety and panic, show a positive correlation with interoceptive accuracy already in childhood. In other cases, such as obesity or chronic tic disorder, a negative association was found while in autism spectrum disorder results were ambiguous. Regarding the improvement of different aspects of interoception, findings obtained mainly from adult participants show that interoceptive sensibility can be improved through various interventions; with respect to accuracy, some contemplative interventions and body panning may have a positive effect. Conclusions: The higher number of positive results on interoceptive sensibility may be explained by the fact that interoceptive accuracy becomes stable in adulthood, but it is assumed that it may still be possible to influence it in childhood.
Sixth- and Seventh-Century Elephant Ivory Finds from the Carpathian Basin •
The Sources, Circulation and Value of Ivory in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages
Elefántcsonttárgyak A 6–7. Századi Kárpát-Medencében
Az Elefántcsont Forrása, Forgalma És Értéke A Késő Ókorban És A Kora Középkorban
Jelen tanulmány célja az elefántcsont mint nyersanyag lehetséges forrásaira és értékére vonatkozó, a római és a késő ókori mediterrán világból származó adatok áttekintése, információkat nyerve ezáltal a 6–7. századi Kárpát-medence régészeti hagyatékából előkerült elefántcsonttárgyak eredetére, elérhetőségére és árára vonatkozólag. A hellenisztikus kortól a kora középkorig terjedő időszakban a Földközi-tenger vidéki elefántcsont-kereskedelem dinamikáját megvilágító írott és tárgyi források áttekintése nyomán úgy tűnik, hogy a 6–7. századi Közép-Duna-vidéki elefántcsonttárgyak nyersanyaga a Földközi-tenger medencéjén keresztül Afrikából, ezen belül is talán a kontinens keleti feléről érkezett. Megállapítható emellett, hogy a mediterrán világ keleti és középső régióiban készült, a Kárpát-medencébe elkerült elefántcsonttárgyak nem tekinthetők kiemelkedően drága luxusjavaknak, többségük viszonylag szerény áron megvásárolható volt.
The present paper seeks to examine the available data on the possible sources and monetary value of elephant ivory, both as raw material and finished products, in the Roman to late antique Mediterranean world in order to gain a better understanding of the wider context of elephant ivory artefacts dating from the sixth and seventh centuries discovered in the Carpathian Basin. After reviewing the written and material evidence on the dynamics of the Mediterranean elephant ivory trade from the Hellenistic period until the Early Middle Ages, our main conclusion is that the raw material of the sixth- to seventh-century ivory objects of the Middle Danube Region in in all probability originated from Africa, possibly from the continent’s eastern parts, and arrived to this area through the Mediterranean. It is further argued that the few artefacts manufactured of elephant ivory in the eastern and central regions of the Mediterranean that reached the Carpathian Basin cannot be regarded as extremely expensive luxury goods – in fact, their majority would have been quite affordable to customers of more modest means.
