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- Author or Editor: A. Vinogradov x
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Abstract
The association of the season of birth with lifetime intellectual achievement was studied by means of analysis of two data sets, one of the prominent chemists of the world and another of members of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). It is found that a (statistically) significantly greater number of prominent chemists born before 1850 and of the full members of RAS born before 1875 were born in month of the winter half-year than of the summer one. The effect was gradually decreasing with time, the decrease being slower in Russia. The possible influence of the season of birth on the early personality development is discussed.
Abstract
The time-course of average age of members of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the XVIII–XIX centuries was analyzed. A long-term trend of academician aging was found, with its extrapolation correctly predicting the average age of the recent academicians. Although the lifespan was increasing as well and its effect can statistically explain the most part (up to 80%) of variance in the average age, it was not the only cause. Furthermore, its effect might be indirect (i.e. the increasing average age was not simply due to a longer lifespan of elected members), since average membership span was slightly decreasing. At least a part of the trend was caused by a growth of competition for election since it was negatively correlaten with a contemporaneous number of members (at given lifespan and historical year). Comparison of three groups (full members, corresponding members and foreign members), differing in competition level, supports this suggestion. Besides the history of science, the results may be useful for dealing with the problem of growing age of the scientific establishment.
Digital seed image analysis of seed remains of three ancient vinegrape samples excavated from 15th-century sites of Hungary was conducted and compared to those of ten currently grown old grapevine varieties. Digital seed images were analysed by Fovea Pro 4.0 computer program, with the final aim to identify the ancient grapevine cultivars with a final genotype reconstruction. Discriminant analysis, XY plot and histogram analyses revealed that seeds of two archaeological samples (11–13) show the closest similarity to the currently grown old vinegrape Vitis v. vinifera cv. ‘Mézesfehér’ (sample 6). Histogram analysis of seed parameter Equiv.Diam. (cm) of the archaeological seed sample ‘Budai vár’ (sample 11) showed diverse multimodal distribution compared to the unimodal distribution of cv. ‘Mézesfehér’ (sample 6), which results indicated that cv. ‘Mézesfehér’ went through a selection through the last five centuries, which narrowed the morphological diversity of this seed character.
