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By means of whole mount NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry the distribution pattern of primary sensory cells (PSC) and the pathway of their central processes in the ventral nerve cord (VNC) ganglia were investigated in the lumbricid earthworms, Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus terrestris. The distribution pattern of the stained structures seemed to be the same in both species investigated. Strong labelling occurred in sensory fibre branches of segmental nerves and in each of the sensory longitudinal axon bundles of VNC ganglia. Based on their anatomical location some NADPH-d positive central sensory cells were identified from among which the putative tactile receptors were characterized by constant, strong staining.

Abstract

Heat stress affects the performance of poultry species and also induces immunosuppression. Chickens can be treated by thermal conditioning to have better heat stress tolerance. Our purpose was to determine the effect of acute heat stress on the immune response, i.e. antibody production against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and change in the proportion of leukocyte components, in chicks subjected to prenatal heat conditioning. Eighty as-hatched broiler chicks from the same parent stock were used: control (40 chicks incubated at 36.7 °C from days 18–20 of embryonic life) and thermally manipulated (TM) (40 chicks incubated at 38.4 °C from day 18–20 of embryonic life; 4 h/day). The chickens were exposed to heat stress: at day 19 (31 °C/8 h) and at day 35 (32 °C/10 h). The first heat stress (day 19) decreased the lymphocyte counts and significantly increased the heterophil counts (P < 0.05) in both treatments (from 34.25 to 55% in the controls and from 37 to 60.06% in the TM chicks). The second heat stress (day 35) did not alter the heterophil and lymphocyte profiles of the chickens. Before the heat stress, all of the chickens (control and TM) presented the same positive antibody titres to NDV vaccination. After the first heat stress, 50% of the control samples and 40% of samples from the TM chickens were negative. After the second heat stress, 80% of the TM samples were negative.

The teratogenic effects of lead acetate (Trial 1) and the possible teratogenic effect of this compound administered in combination with a fungicide containing 80% mancozeb (Trial 2) were studied in rats. The test substances were administered by gavage on Days 6-15 of gestation. In Trial 1, five groups were treated with lead acetate administered at doses of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 10.0 and 1000.0 mg/kg body weight (bwkg), respectively. In Trial 2, lead acetate was applied at doses of 0.1, 10.0 and 1000.0 mg/bwkg, respectively. In the latter case the dose of the pesticide was 750 mg/bwkg in all treated groups. Lead acetate was not teratogenic after a single administration. Combined administration of lead acetate and mancozeb gave rise to the following toxic effects: average maternal weight decreased during pregnancy, the ratio of live fetuses decreased after the two lowest doses, and fetal mortality increased in the lowest and in the highest dose groups. The ratio of fetal resorption was higher in all the treated groups than in the control group. A significant decrease occurred in average fetal and placental weight in each treated group as compared to the control. Maternal toxicity was expressed in paralysis of the hindlimbs in the two lowest dose groups. Maternal mortality was between 16.7 and 23.3% at the three dose levels. Phocomelia and hernia cerebri occurred as characteristic fetal developmental anomalies in all the treated groups. It is concluded that the joint administration of lead acetate and a mancozeb-containing fungicide can cause maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity and characteristic teratogenic effects.

Absztrakt:

Bevezetés: A méhen belüli növekedési restrikció (IUGR) kialakulása az esetek egy részében anyai vagy magzati okokra és számos esetben lepényi okokra (csökkent lepényi keringés) vezethető vissza. Célkitűzés: Célkitűzésünk a csökkent lepényi erezettség/keringés és a császármetszésarány, illetve a klinikai kimenetel közötti összefüggés vizsgálata volt, továbbá megfelelően hitelesített és reprodukálható módszer használata a placenta in vivo funkcionális vizsgálatára, amely később a rutin-terhesgondozásba is beépíthető. Módszer: Prospektív eset-kontroll vizsgálatunkba 254, második és harmadik trimeszterben lévő várandóst vontunk be, akiknél vascularisatiós indexet (VI), áramlási indexet (FI) és vascularisatiós áramlási indexet (VFI) mértünk 3 dimenziós power Doppler- (3DPD) technikával. Eredmények: A VI-középérték 3,7% (3,2%–4,2%) volt az IUGR- és 10,1% (8,6%–10,9%) a kontrollcsoportban (p = 0,001). Az FI középértéke 40,0 (39,7–42,5) volt az IUGR- és 45,1 (44,1–53,1) a kontrollcsoportban (p = 0,012). A VFI esetén ezeket az értékeket 2,2-nek (2,1–2,4) és 4,8-nek (4,4–5,3) (p = 0,001) mértük. Következtetések: A 3DPD-indexek alkalmasak lehetnek az IUGR-terhességek kiszűrésére, a kórkép hátterében lévő megváltozott keringés vizsgálatára. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(26): 1008–1013.

Összefoglaló. A neurológiai betegek körében a dysphagia előfordulása gyakori, és több oka van. Az utóbbi évek kutatásai a közvetlen neurológiai kórokok (beleértve a gyakori stroke) szerepét is részletesen feltárták. Felismerték az ún. néma aspiráció jelentőségét: ez gyakran áll az (aspirációs) pneumonia hátterében, amely sokszor halálos szövődmény lehet. Az ún. poststroke pneumonia fogalma gyökeresen más értelmezésbe helyezte a stroke-ot követő tüdőgyulladások megítélését, jellegzetessége alapján egyértelműen a stroke közvetlen cerebralis hatásaként alakul ki. Egyértelművé vált a nyelészavar korai felismerésének és ellátásának szükségessége. A stroke-betegek megfelelő tápláltsági állapota az eredményes rehabilitációnak, a szövődményszám csökkentésének, a rövidebb kórházi kezelésnek, az alacsonyabb mortalitásnak a záloga. A dysphagia a betegség kimenetelének független előrejelzője lehet, különösen az első három hónapban. A nyelészavar malnutritióval, kiszáradással és a kórházi tartózkodás hosszabb időtartamával jár együtt, emeli a gyógyszerköltségeket. A stroke-beteg ellátásának egyik első eleme a dysphagia szűrése. Táplálásterápiára akkor szorul a stroke-beteg, amikor magas a kóros tápláltsági állapot kialakulásának kockázata, és per os táplálással nem fedezhető biztonságosan a megfelelő energia-, tápanyag- és folyadékbevitel. A táplálásterápia módját, eszközeit, az energia- és tápanyagbeviteli célértékeket az orvos határozza meg, az alapbetegség súlyosságától, a társbetegségektől és a laborértékektől függően. Az étrend minden esetben individuális és progresszív, azaz alkalmazkodik a beteg állapotához és annak változásához. A dietetikus feladata a megfelelő diéta összeállítása mellett a beteg, a hozzátartozó és a kezelőszemélyzet oktatása, az állapot követése, a beteg tápláltsági állapotának, tápanyagbeviteli értékeinek gyakori elemzése, szükség esetén tápszerek ajánlása. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(40): 1601–1609.

Summary. Among neurological patients, the incidence of dysphagia is common and has several causes. Research in recent years has explored the role of direct neurological pathogens (including frequent strokes). The frequency of ’silent aspiration’, which often underlies (aspirational) pneumonia and can be a fatal complication, has been recently discovered. The concept of ’post-stroke pneumonia’ has drastically changed the assessment of post-stroke pneumonia. Based on its characteristics, it clearly develops as a direct cerebral effect of stroke. The need for early detection and early care of swallowing disorder has become clear. Adequate nutritional status of stroke patients is the key to successful rehabilitation, reduction of complications, shorter hospitalization, and lower mortality. Dysphagia can be an independent predictor of disease outcome, especially in the first three months. Swallowing disorder is associated with malnutrition, dehydration and longer lengths of hospital stay, increasing drug costs. One of the first elements in the care of a stroke patient is screening for dysphagia. The stroke patient needs nutritional therapy when the risk for abnormal nutritional condition is high or if the condition is already present, or when oral nutrition does not safely cover adequate energy, nutrient and fluid intake. The method and means of nutritional therapy, the goals of energy and nutrient intake are determined by the doctor, depending on the severity of the underlying disease, comorbidities and laboratory values.The diet is individual and progressive in each case. The dietitian’s task is not only to compile a proper diet, but also to educate the patients and relatives. The dietitian is responsible for monitoring the patient’s nutritional status. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(40): 1601–1609.

Abstract

This paper presents a clinical case report of a golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) with foreign bodies (stones) in its proventriculus. The case deals with the identification, management and removal of foreign objects identified in the gastrointestinal tract. A surgical removal by proventriculotomy under general anaesthesia was attempted. The surgery and the recovery were uneventful, and the follow-up after six months revealed no complications. To the best of our knowledge, there are no other reports of successful foreign body removal by proventriculotomy in the golden eagle.

The composition of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris L. has been determined by GC-FID and GC-MS. Because separation of thymol, carvacrol, and linalool, components of the essential oil, was more efficient by overpressured layer chromatography (OPLC) than by conventional thin-layer chromatography (TLC), the forced flow technique was used before biological detection. All three test compounds had antibacterial effect against the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola, in bioautography, although in essential oil thymol was present in sufficient quantity to produce an inhibiting zone in the adsorbent layer. In BioArena investigations, when reduced glutathione as a formaldehyde (HCHO) capturer was dissolved in the cell suspension before bioautographic exposure to the essential oil, the characteristic inhibiting activity of thymol and carvacrol against Bacillus subtilis soil bacteria was reduced, whereas the presence of the HCHO precursors NGmonomethyl-l-arginine or N ^ɛ-monomethyl-l-lysine enhanced their antibacterial effect. These results suggest that HCHO and its reaction products may be involved in the antibacterial activity of thymol and carvacrol.

Absztrakt

Esetismertetés: Középkorú férfibeteg típusosnak induló spontán légmellesetét ismertetjük, aki bal oldali secundaer ptx miatt került felvételre. A drainage-t követő periódus eseménytelenül zajlott a harmadik napig, az érintett oldali tüdő szépen kitágult. Egy fatális véletlen folytán azonban a beteg önkényesen saját mellkasi drainjére csatlakoztatta az oxigénellátás csövét. A túlnyomás bal, majd kétoldali feszülő légmellet és subcutan emphysemát, cardiopulmonalis katasztrófát idézett elő. Az újraélesztés sikertelen volt. Szándékos önkezűséget a rendőrorvosi vizsgálat nem igazolt. Megbeszélés: Tudomásunk szerint az irodalom esetünkhöz hasonló mechanizmussal létrejött, túlnyomásos légmell esetét nem ismeri. A legközelebbi kórkép a túlnyomásos lélegeztetés során előforduló tüdősérülés és a következményes légmell lehet.

Abstract

Permian felsic volcanic rocks were encountered in petroleum exploration boreholes in SE Hungary (eastern Pannonian Basin, Tisza Mega-unit, Békés–Codru Unit) during the second half of the 20th century. They were considered to be predominantly lavas (the so-called “Battonya quartz-porphyry”) and were genetically connected to the underlying “Battonya granite.” New petrographic observations, however, showed that the presumed lavas are crystal-poor (8–20 vol%) rhyolitic ignimbrites near Battonya and resedimented pyroclastic or volcanogenic sedimentary rocks in the Tótkomlós and the Biharugra areas, respectively. The studied ignimbrites are usually massive, matrix-supported, fiamme-bearing lapilli tuffs with eutaxitic texture as a result of welding processes. Some samples lack vitroclastic matrix and show low crystal breakage, but consist of oriented, devitrified fiammes as well. Textural features suggest that the latter are high-grade rheomorphic ignimbrites.

Felsic volcanic rocks in SE Hungary belong to the Permian volcanic system of the Tisza Mega-unit; however, they show remarkable petrographic differences as compared to the other Permian felsic volcanic rocks of the mega-unit. In contrast to the crystal-poor rhyolitic ignimbrites of SE Hungary with rare biotite, the predominantly rhyodacitic–dacitic pyroclastic rocks of the Tisza Mega-unit are crystal-rich (40–45 vol%) and often contain biotite, pyroxene, and garnet. Additionally, some geochemical and geochronological differences between them were also observed by previous studies. Therefore, the Permian felsic volcanic rocks in SE Hungary might represent the most evolved, crystal-poor rhyolitic melt of a large-volume felsic (rhyodacitic–dacitic) volcanic system.

The Permian volcanic rocks of the studied area do not show any evident correlations with either the Permian felsic ignimbrites in the Finiş Nappe (Apuseni Mts, Romania), as was supposed so far, or the similar rocks in any nappe of the Codru Nappe System. Moreover, no relevant plutonic–volcanic connection was found between the studied samples and the underlying “Battonya granite.”

Abstract  

Modifications of lens proteins play a crucial role in the formation of cataract, which is among the leading causes of world blindness in the ageing population. Although modern cataract surgery by phacoemulsification is a very successful and safe procedure, the prevention of cataract formation would be a real breakthrough in this field of ophthalmology. The aim of our study was to analyse the thermal denaturation of the cataractous lens proteins by the method of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), to understand cataract formation and to work on its prevention possibilities. Samples were obtained from cataract patients of different age, sex, patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Samples were obtained from lenses of mature degree and progredient degree of cataract as well. Previous DSC examinations were performed on manually extracted human cataractous lens materials, however to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study, in which DSC examinations were performed on lens materials obtained by the phacoemulsification technique, which gained acceptance world-wide in the last decade.