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- Author or Editor: Anikó Kovács x
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The aim of the study was to explore the connection between religious belief and burnout in a sample of hospital nurses in Hungary. There is a growing body of evidence that religion can influence physical and mental health in many positive ways. However, despite the large number of studies in the field of religion and mental health, as well as in the field of burnout, the relationship between religion and burnout, to the authors’ best knowledge, has not been studied yet. The authors’ primary aim was to investigate if any link can be proved on empirical bases between these two fields. The sample consisted of 94 nurses, who had been working beside sick-bed for at least 5 years. The measures for religiosity were frequency of church attendance, subjective religiosity, and the Post-Critical Belief Scale (PCBS) distinguishing four types of religious attitudes along the two dimensions of inclusion vs. exclusion of transcendence and symbolic vs. literal interpretation. Burnout was assessed by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results showed no significant connection between burnout and either age or with the number of years spent at work. On the other hand, data from all the three measures of religiosity provided evidence for significant linear negative relationship between religiosity and burnout: there was a statistically significant negative relationship between subjective importance of religiosity and burnout, as well as between the frequency of church attendance and burnout. Regarding religious attitudes measured by PCBS, the two attitude types characterised by the inclusion of transcendence were negatively linked to burnout scores. These results suggest that religiosity might play an important role as a protective factor against burnout with hospital nurses.
Beporzók mint fontos ökológiai és gazdasági biztonsági tényezők
Pollinators as important ecological and economical safety factors
Összefoglalás.
A növényi beporzást sok esetben segítik a beporzók, hozzájárulva a termés- és magképzéshez, szaporodáshoz. Ezzel a beporzók ökológiai és gazdasági értelemben is kiemelt fontosságú szerepet játszanak az emberek életében, környezeti, élelmezési, anyagi és egészségi biztonságuk vonatkozásában egyaránt. Az állati beporzás a zárvatermő virágos növények 87%-át érinti, ami a szárazföldi vegetációt alapjaiban meghatározza. Ebbe a körbe tartozik a termesztett növények háromnegyede is, így a mezőgazdasági termelésben játszott szerepük mind mennyiségi, mind minőségi értelemben kiemelkedő. Közvetlen kihatással vannak az emberi egészségre, létfontosságú vitaminok, ásványi anyagok biztosításával. A beporzók megőrzése, hanyatló trendjeik megállítása ezért az emberiség elemi érdeke, mind hazai, mind globális vonatkozásban.
Summary.
Pollinators, including wild and managed bees, hoverflies, diurnal and nocturnal butterflies, wasps, bugs, other insects, birds and mammals play an important role in the reproduction, seed and fruit production of most dicotyledonous plant species, including three-quarters of the cultivated plants. Through their pollination as an ecosystem service their ecological and economical importance is enormous, and has a key role in human safety regarding food, health, finances and the environment. Animal pollination can be only partially or essentially needed by a plant species to reach its optimal fruit or seed quality and quantity. The pollinator related wild plants are important elements of the terrestrial ecosystems, providing our environment safety through elemental material circles. However, the foraging and nesting resources they need are limited in managed ecosystems, such as intensive agricultural or industrial landscapes. Pollinators contribute to the production of the majority of cultivated plants at a certain extent, including such economically important crops like sunflower, oilseed rape, apple, cherry, water melon, etc. Their direct contribution to global food production seems to be low, only 5-8%, but this share in human diet ensures such nutrients, vitamins and minerals that are essential for health development and life. Furthermore, besides the physical health, pollinators play a key role in mental health as well by the provision of diverse and flowering environment, enjoyed by any outdoor activities. Unfortunately, populations of many wild pollinator species decline worldwide and high proportion of honeybee colonies are lost from time to time in several regions. The main drivers behind these declines are habitat loss and change caused mainly by agricultural intensification and urbanisation, climate change, invasion, pests and pathogens and pesticide use. To halt these declines overwhelming strategies are needed at local, national, regional and global level. The EU Pollinator Strategy and the Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 sets ambitious targets for pollinator conservation, initiating among others an EU level pollinator monitoring program, that is under test phase. These actions might have the chance to reverse the pollinator decline and maintain pollinators and pollination services, however, only in the case of real actions with joint effort of scientists, decision makers and the public.
Abstract
The population of gluten sensitive people has been gradually rising in the last decades. The food industry, especially the bakery industry has to develop more gluten-free products to satisfy the consumer's demand. However, the quality of these products differs from the quality attributes of a standard glutenious bakery product. Therefore, the aim of our research was to develop a good quality gluten-free sourdough product with 3 different gluten-free flours: millet, brown rice and a commercially available mixture (Belbake). We investigated the differences in moisture content, the baking loss, the texture and the sensory properties of the products. According to our results in the case of the moisture content the brown rice sample had the highest, while the millet gave the lowest value. The baking loss measurement gave reverse results. In the texture analysis the brown rice sample was the softest, but the millet and the Belbake had better results in resilience and in springiness. Also, in the sensory analyses the Belbake product was found to be the best by the judges, however, there were no significant differences between them. In conclusion, the product development of a gluten-free sourdough bakery product was successful. Further research is needed to investigate the shelf life of the products.
Abstract
Excessive consumption of added sugar is associated with many health problems, for example obesity, type 2 diabetes, etc. Hence there is an urgent need for the product reformulation by total replacement or partial reduction of sugar in food industry. The aim of this research was to study the effect of sugar substitution (by stevia and xylitol) on model confectionary systems. We investigated differences in the texture properties, the viscosity and thermal properties of the blends. Based on our results, the sugar substitution affects the physical properties of the measured samples. The apparent viscosity and the texture properties were changed due to the different dry matter content in the samples. In the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) curves the different melting of the samples were expressed according to the changes in sugar content. Further work is needed in this field to follow up the discovered changes in thermal behaviour of these mixtures.
Abstract
One of the most important components in spreads is the fat phase. The characteristics of the used fat determine most of the quality factors of the products such as viscosity, texture, colour, shelf life, etc. In these kinds of products, the commonly used fat is palm fat, however, in recent years it has had a bad press due to its negative environmental impact and health concerns. Therefore, the aim of our research was to develop a palm oil free hazelnut spread. We investigated the effect of replacing the fat in the fat phase with milk fat or coconut fat to the apparent viscosity, colour and texture properties of the product. According to our results the palm fat had the highest and coconut fat had the lowest viscosity. In texture analyses palm fat and milk fat showed no significant difference in hardness and in work of penetration. Coconut fat was significantly different in every texture attributes from the other samples. In the case of colour measurement all samples were significantly different. Despite the observed differences in some parameters the suitability of milk fat for hazelnut spread production should be further investigated (sensory analyses, shelf-life).
SmpB, a small tmRNA binding protein, is essential for trans-translation. 6His and FLAG tagged SmpB was cloned from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. It was expressed in Escherichia coli using the T7 promoter-polymerase system. Anti-FLAG M2 agarose was used for its purification. Mycobacterial SmpB copurifies with other proteins. We identified elongation factor EF-Tu in the purified SmpB preparations.
Célkitűzés: A gyermekkori Crohn-betegség magyarországi jellegzetességeinek és lefolyásának vizsgálata. Módszer: 1984 és 2006 között diagnosztizált és 18 éves korig legalább egy éven át kezelt 81 beteg adatainak retrospektív értékelése. Eredmények: 62%-os fiúdominancia, 12,5% familiaritás észlelhető. A diagnosztikus késedelem 11,36 (1–96) hónap volt. A diagnóziskor az átlagéletkor 13,6 (4–17) év, az aktivitási index 37,88 (5–80), ilealis érintettség 87%-ban, stricturaképző és penetráló forma 27%-ban, perianalis manifesztáció 26%-ban, óriássejt-, illetve granulomaképződés 47%-ban, malnutritio 23,5%-ban, hyposomia 11%-ban volt jelen. Szteroidkezelést a betegek 84%-a, azathioprinterápiát 62%-a kapott. Biológiai terápia a vizsgált időszakban nem volt lehetséges. A műtéti arány 31% (bélműtétek: 20%, perianalis műtétek: 11%). 18 éves korra az átlagos aktivitási index 6,63-ra (0–35), a malnutritiós betegek aránya 9,9%-ra, a hyposomiásoké 2,5%-ra csökkent. A változások mértéke statisztikailag szignifikáns. Következtetések: A gyermekkori Crohn-betegség magyarországi jellegzetességei hasonlóak az európai adatokhoz. A hosszú diagnosztikus késedelem, a magas kezdeti aktivitási index, a granulomák, valamint a stricturaképző és penetráló formák jelenléte későbbi szövődményeket, illetve műtéti igényt jelezhetnek, ezért erőteljes iniciális terápiát indokolnak. Az immunmoduláns terápia korai bevezetése a lefolyást kedvezően befolyásolja. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 546–554.
The main function of the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System is to retain nutrients and total suspended solids, thus protecting the water quality of Lake Balaton. In this paper, the toxic nature of the sediment in the 2nd reservoir of the KBWPS has been characterised, using a battery of tests: Vibrio fischeri acute bioassay on whole sediment samples, and V. fischeri bioassay on pore water and elutriate samples. The latest version of the V. fischeri bioluminescence inhibition was applied, the Flash assay which uses a kinetic mode and is able to detect the toxicity of solid, turbid/coloured samples. Whole sediment toxicity showed a clear spatial distribution of toxicity, in parallel with elutriate toxicity. However, no pore water toxicity was detected, leading to the conclusion that contaminants are not water soluble.
Absztrakt:
A gyermekkorban végzett szervátültetés mára hazánkban is minden, az átültetésre alkalmas gyermek számára elérhetővé vált. Fontos ismernünk és tudnunk, hogy a végállapotú szervelégtelenség kialakulásához vezető okok szinte minden szerv esetében jelentősen különböznek a felnőttekéitől. Gyermekkorban mindezek mellett mind sebészi, mind gyermekgyógyászi oldalról más kihívásokkal kell megküzdenünk, mint a felnőtteknél (a szervek és a recipiens mérete, más és más formában zajló infekciók, az immunszuppresszív szerek eltérő farmakokinetikája és farmakodinamikája, noncompliance). A gyermekkori szervtranszplantáció ugyanakkor az elmúlt évtizedek egyik sikertörténete, amely csak sok szakterület gondos és összehangolt munkájával érheti el eredményeit. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(46): 1948–1956.
