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- Author or Editor: C. Shyu x
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Abstract
Styrene is an important commodity chemical that is globally applied in various polymerization processes. The aim of this study was to obtain integrated thermokinetics and safety parameters for polymerization of styrene. We mainly used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal activity monitor (TAM), and simulative methods to investigate thermal polymerization of styrene and styrene containing various levels of 4-tertiary-butylcatechol (TBC). The results obtained included the rate constant (k), reaction order (n), apparent activation energy (E a), frequency factor (A), and so on, from various DSC curves and simulative methods. From DSC curves, the exothermic onset temperature (T 0) was about 105 and 132C for styrene and styrene containing 10 ppm TBC. On the other hand, the test results from TAM indicated that styrene polymerization displays an autocatalytic phenomenon from 50–85C. By means of this study, the intrinsic safety of a system for styrene during transportation and storage could be established.
Isospora michaelbakeri is one of the Isospora species most commonly found in the wild field, which can cause severe infection and mortality in young sparrows. In this study, we selected I. michaelbakeri (Chung Hsing strain) as a pathogen to orally inoculate russet sparrows ( Passer rutilans ), spotted munia ( Lonchura punctulata ), canary ( Serinus canaria ), Java sparrows ( Padda oryzivora ), chicken ( Gallus domesticus ), ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos ) and BALB/c mice. The results indicated that I. michaelbakeri infected only russet sparrows. Infected sparrows displayed lethargy, muscular weakness and fluffy feathers, followed by rapid death. Liver and spleen enlargement was seen in the infected birds. Schizonts were identified in thin smears from the venous blood, enlarged livers and spleens. Histopathological examination revealed schizonts and merozoites from the liver and spleen of infected russet sparrows, but not from other species experimentally inoculated with I. michaelbakeri in the present study.
