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Laetiporus sulphureus (chicken of the woods) is a wood decaying mushroom with positive medicinal and biological effects. The aim of this study was to determine its chemical composition including the main organic components (protein, fat, fibre, and ash contents, different protein fractions, the free amino acid level, soluble oligo- and polysaccharides, phenolics), the in vitro digestibility, the free radical scavenging activity, and twenty mineral elements.Our data demonstrate the characteristic in general valuable chemical composition of the mushroom Laetiporus sulphureus. Protein content in fruiting bodies is not too high (10.6% d.m.), but the biological value (in vitro digestibility, rate of protein fractions, free amino acid content, etc.) is good (including fat and energy levels). Occurrence of “bioactive” components (phenolics, soluble oligo- and polysaccharides) and the measured free radical scavenging activity are similar to these parameters in Pleurotus (oyster) species. Potassium and phosphorus contents are remarkable (28 940 mg kg−1 d.m. and 4890 mg kg−1 d.m., respectively); levels of some poisonous microelements (As, Cd, Cr) are very low or undetectable. Chicken of the woods (Laetiporus sulphureus) is not only a suitable species for human consumption, but can be a new cultivable mushroom of valuable bioactive substances.
King oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) is a worldwide cultivated mushroom of appreciated nutritional and medicinal quality. Aims of these investigations were to give new comparative data for the better evaluation of P. eryngii. Results of our investigations can be summarized as follows:
P. eryngii has higher (crude protein, crude fat) or at least the same concentrations (chitin and total carbohydrate) of organic nutritive components than the common cultivated Pleurotus hybrid (‘HK-35’). Regarding the classical protein fractions: albumins are the highest content in both mushrooms, but the quantity and the proportion in P. eryngii is better than in ‘HK-35’ hybrid. Occurrence and proportion of protein fractions is more valuable in P. eryngii, while the NPN contents of both mushrooms are the same.
The investigated soluble oligo- and polysaccharides were present in high amounts in both mushrooms, but the free radical scavenging activity seems to be markedly higher in king oyster mushroom, making it more valuable. Mineral compositions of both species are similarly beneficial, but P. eryngii has basically higher P and lower K levels. More intensive cultivation and use of P. eryngii is clearly recommended.
The statistical analysis of salinity data from samples collected yearly from genetic soil horizons of 69 points of the Hungarian Soil Information and Monitoring System between 1992 and 2000 showed changes in time. There is a strong atmospheric control over the groundwater level and the resulting soil salinity. Weak statistical association was established between either the pattern of yearly soil salinity changes in the second (10-20 cm) and third (30-40 cm) genetic horizon and the groundwater observation stations or the soil types. In the area of Kecskemét there was a tendency of decreasing soil salinity patterns, while around Békéscsaba a tendency of increasing soil salinity patterns, as illustrated by the correspondence biplot. Regarding soil types, the solonetzic meadow soil showed a tendency of increasing salinity. It was concluded that the statistical analyses of the monitored data must be carefully planned in order to provide the optimal background data as independent data from all those available to accompany the monitored soil data as dependent variable.
The aim of the work was to analyse the compostable properties of bone powder produced via different treatment methods and industrial conditions, and to study their effect on plant growth and phosphorus uptake. The bones were treated in water with different temperatures, bone-water ratios and treatment times. Further treatment was carried out with citric, nitric and sulphuric acid with different concentrations, temperatures, bone-water ratios and treatment times. Industrial bone powder was composted under model industrial conditions.The available phosphorus content of these materials was estimated using ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ) as indicator plant in a climatic chamber.The water-soluble phosphorus content of the bones increased in the citric acid and sulphuric acid treatment, depending on the water treatment conditions and the acid concentration. This increase amounted to about 30 times (0.32–8.51 mg/100 mg) compared to the water treatment.The results of the plant test demonstrated that the phophorus content of treated bone powder and compost was readily available to plants. The phosphorus content of the compost was available over a longer period.
Isoperla nagyi sp. n. is described on the basis of morphology of male and female adults and eggs. The new species is classified as an isolated species within the West Palaearctic Isoperla. It was found in the lower elevations of the Ţarcu Mts that is forming a high range of the westernmost Southern Carpathians. Further contributions are given on the stonefly fauna of the Ţarcu Mts, including notes on the Romanian distribution of Brachyptera bulgarica Raušer, and the taxonomy and distribution of Isoperla pusilla (Klapálek).
A Gyermeki Viselkedés Kérdőív legrövidebb változatának (CBQ VS) magyar adaptációja
Hungarian version of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire very short form (CBQ VS)
Theoretical background: One of the most widely accepted and used measurement in temperament research is Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ), which was designed to caregiver report of 3- to 8-year-old children's temperament. There has been no available Hungarian version so far. Aim: The aim of our study is to present the adaptation of Hungarian version of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire very short form (CBQ VS) and to present these psychometric properties. Method: The sample were 5–7 years old children (N = 201) and their parents (N = 201) from three Hungarian cities. The CBQ VS-H questionnaire was completed by parents (mother N = 176, father N = 25). Besides the CBQ VS-H we measured children's executive functions by HTKS and Day-Night tests. Results: Explorative factor analysis provided, similar to the original version, three main factors in adapted version with good internal consistency values: Effortful control (Cronbach's alpha: .76), Surgency (Cronbach's alpha: .78), Negative Affect (Cronbach's alpha: .74). Dimensions of temperament were independent of sociodemographic characteristics (person – mother or father, age, education). Conclusions: Based on our results, the Hungarian version of Children's Behavior Questionnaire very short form (CBQ VS) is a reliable and valid measurement for assessing three dimensions of children's temperament.
Human uterus in pregnancy, as it can be monitored by DSC examination
A preliminary study
Abstract
The myometrium is the main component in enlargement of uterus and plays essential role in labour contraction. Its physiologic and elastic state has a decisive role in the labour process. We have made the first attempt to find correlation between the thermal parameters of uterus and progress of gravidity. Significant differences were observed between cyclic, non-pregnant and postmenopausal state (0.69 and 0.98 J g−1 calorimetric enthalpy as well as 60.6 and 63.1�C for T m), as well as among the different gestational stages and complications. In case of twin pregnancy and dystocia we have found extremities: 0.37 and 1.34 J g−1 calorimetric enthalpies, with 62 and 61.6�C melting temperatures. DSC method seems to be promising tool to follow and understand different molecular changes in the myometrium during pregnancy and its complication of human labour.
