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- Author or Editor: Feng Shi x
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To detect and identify natural antioxidants in Swertia chirayita with protective effect against cerebral infarction, a screening method, using column chromatography and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat, was developed. Seventeen compounds were purposefully separated and identified by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet Spectrum, and Mass Spectrometry. The purified compounds were further screened by radical scavenging activity and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Two compounds showed apparent radical scavenging activity and neuroprotective activity. The two compounds were identified as 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,6-tetramethoxyxanthone and 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy xanthone, and were preliminarily considered as primary natural neuroprotective antioxidants in Swertia chirayita. These two compounds (20 mg kg−1) markedly decreased infarct size to below 5%, and also caused a significant improvement of activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (92.90 ± 11.19 U ml−1), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (122.58 ± 12.31 μmol mg−1) and a decrease in the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) (3.98 ± 2.00 nmol ml−1) in serum. The two compounds showed strong capability for protective effects against cerebral damages induced by ischemia-reperfusion, and the protective effect may be related to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The use of the screening method based on tracing separation and ischemia reperfusion would provide a new way for detection of radical-scavenging and natural neuroprotective compounds from Swertia chirayita or complex matrices.
Abstract
The complex Mn(Nica)2Cl2 (Nica=nicotinamide) was prepared, and its decomposition was studied by means of TG and DSC. The IR spectra of the products of thermal decomposition were examined at every stage. Kinetic analysis of the first stage of thermal decomposition was performed via the TG-DTG curves, and the kinetic parameters were obtained from analysis of the TG-DTG curves with integral and differential methods. The most probable kinetic function was suggested from a comparison of the kinetic parameters. Mathematical expressions were derived for the kinetic compensation effect.
Abstract
The thermal behavior of D-type Ni–MH battery during charging was investigated at a wide range of ambient temperatures in this work. The temperature measurement of the battery was conducted by using a thermal infrared imager put in a high–low temperature chamber. The ambient temperatures were controlled to −10, 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 °C during charging. The battery was charged to SOC of 110% in the rate of 1C, 3C, and 5C. Real-time infrared thermal images of battery surface were obtained during charging, as well as temperature change curves. The maximum surface temperature of the battery at the end of charging was stimulated at a higher ambient temperature by curve fitting. It is indicated that the temperature gradient on battery surface will increase with charging rate increase, and the rate of actual temperature rise is almost unrelated to ambient temperature. The simulating result shows that the maximum surface temperature would be over 101 °C if the battery is charged in the rate of 5C under an ambient temperature of 70 °C, which may lead to a safe accident.
Abstract
Background and aims
Even though the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) was added to the ICD-11 under the impulse control category in 2019, its neural mechanisms are still debated. Researchers have noted its similarity both to addiction and to Obssesive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The aim of our study was to address this question by investigating the pattern of anatomical brain abnormalities among CSBD patients.
Methods
Reviewing 39 publications on Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) we have identified main abnormalities specific for addictions and OCD. Than we have collected DTI data from 36 heterosexual males diagnosed with CSBD and 31 matched healthy controls. These results were then compared to the addiction and OCD patterns.
Results
Compared to controls, CSBD individuals showed significant fractional anisotropy (FA) reduction in the superior corona radiata tract, the internal capsule tract, cerebellar tracts and occipital gyrus white matter. Interestingly, all these regions were also identified in previous studies as shared DTI correlates in both OCD and addiction.
Discussion and conclusions
Results of our study suggest that CSBD shares similar pattern of abnormalities with both OCD and addiction. As one of the first DTI study comparing structural brain differences between CSBD, addictions and OCD, although it reveals new aspects of CSBD, it is insufficient to determine whether CSBD resembles more an addiction or OCD. Further research, especially comparing directly individuals with all three disorders may provide more conclusive results.
A simple, rapid, and sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for analysis of octachlorodipropyl ether (OCDPE) in insecticide formulations has been established and validated. Known amounts of analytical grade OCDPE and its emulsifiable concentrate (EC) or wettable powder (WP) formulations were characterized by HPTLC on silica gel with toluene-acetic acidwater 20:20:1 ( v/v ) as mobile phase; detection was by spraying with silver nitrate-2 m alcoholic potassium hydroxide as chromogenic reagent and exposure to UV light. The plates were evaluated densitometrically at 399 nm. The results indicated that the calibration plot for OCDPE was logarithmic in the range 0.2–5.0 μg per band, and the correlation coefficient for the calibration equation in this range was 0.99. Recoveries from laboratory-prepared test EC and WP formulations using this method were 98.5–103.9% and 95.3–104.3%, respectively, and the respective RSDs were 3.39–4.89% and 2.92–5.33%. The accuracy and precision of the method were suitable for analysis of OCDPE in pesticide formulations.
Octachlorodipropyl ether (OCDPE) is a chloroalkyl ether widely used as an insecticide synergist, which was considered as a widespread persistent pollutant. Photodegradation kinetics of OCDPE in selected organic solvents was studied using the high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method in this paper. The results showed that photochemical reaction of OCDPE in organic solvents such as n-hexane, methanol, acetonitrile, and acetone under the irradiation of ultraviolet light could well be described by the first-order kinetic equation. The photodegradation rate constants of OCDPE in methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and n-hexane were 0.3310, 0.2382, 0.0287, and 0.0276 h−1, and the corresponding half-lives were 2.09, 2.91, 24.1, and 25.1 h, respectively. Photodegradation kinetics of OCDPE under sunlight was slower than UV light, the half-lives of which were 8.87 and 2.09 h, respectively. The main photodegradation products of OCDPE in acetone and methanol under UV light were detected by HPTLC, which included product 01 (R F = 0.19) and product 02 (R F = 0.82). Identification of the main photodegradation products of OCDPE requires further studies.
Abstract
Narciclasine is a 7-hydroxy derivative of lycorisidine. It was the first alkaloid isolated from the stem of narcissus (Amaryllidaceae) in 1967. Six mice were given narciclasine (5 mg/kg) by intravenous administration. A UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to determine narciclasine in mouse blood. Tectorigenin (internal standard, IS) and narciclasine were gradient eluted by mobile phase of methanol and 0.1% formic acid in a BEH C18 column. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of m/z 308.1→248.1 for narciclasine and m/z 301.1→286.0 for IS with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used for quantitative determination. The calibration curve ranged from 1 to 6,000 ng/mL. The accuracy was from 92.5 to 107.3%, and the matrix effect was between 103.6 and 107.4%. The developed UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applicated to a pharmacokinetic study of narciclasine in mice after intravenous administration (5 mg/kg).
Abstract
This paper introduces the analysis method and principle of pulse fast-thermal neutron analysis (PFTNA). A system for the measurement of low caloric power of coal by PFTNA is also presented. The 14 MeV pulse neutron generator and BGO detector and 4096 MCA were applied in this system. A multiple linear regression method applied to the data solved the interferential problem of multiple elements. The error of low caloric power between chemical analysis and experiment was less than 0.4 MJ/kg.
Abstract
The damage in the pup rat brain with low-level mercury exposure, and the concentration variation of trace elements in the rat hippocampus was determined by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence technique (SRXRF). Meanwhile, the levels and activities of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hippocampus were also measured. The results showed that the low dose of inorganic mercury prenatal and postnatal exposure could lead to the significant increase of both copper and zinc contents and remarkable decrease of iron content in pup rat brain. Compared to the control group, the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as GSH-Px, SOD, the contents of GSH and MDA in the pup rat hippocampus of mercury-exposed group fell down obviously.
Abstract
Uranium is one of the most hazardous heavy metal due to its long half-life radioactivity, high toxicity and mobility as aqueous uranyl ion (UO2 2+) under ordinary environmental conditions. Herein, amino functionalized SBA-15 (APSS) was developed as a rapid and efficient sorbent for removal of U(VI) from the environment. The APSS sample was synthesized by grafting method and was characterized by SEM, NMR, SAXS, and N2 sorption/desorption isothermal experiments. The sorption of U(VI) by APSS was investigated under different conditions of pH, contact time, initial U(VI) concentration, ionic strength and solid–liquid ratio. The results show that the sorption of U(VI) by APSS is strongly dependent on pH but independent of ionic strength and solid–liquid ratios (m/V). The sorption is ultrafast with an equilibrium time of less than 30 min, and the sorption capacity is as large as 409 mg/g at pH 5.3 ± 0.1. Besides, the U(VI) sorption by APSS from extremely diluted solution and the desorption of U(VI) from APSS were also studied. It is found that 100 mg of APSS can almost completely remove the U(VI) ions from 4 L aqueous solution with the U(VI) concentration as low as 4.2 ppb and the sorbed U(VI) can be completely desorbed by 0.1 mol/L nitric acid. The results strongly reveal the high performance of the APSS material in the removal and preconcentration of U(VI) from the aqueous solution.
