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- Author or Editor: Gyöngyi Kovács x
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Early-modern-age clay tobacco pipes from the River Drava region
Egység, regionalit’as, kereskedelem
The study analyses Ottoman clay tobacco pipes from the River Drava region (Barcs, Babócsa, Szigetvár). Some are stray finds, but many of those from Barcs are from the Ottoman palisaded stronghold there, from its Ottoman layer. The study fills a gap in the literature in that it presents hitherto unpublished pipe finds from this region. The goal of the research was to establish whether in addition to characteristics that were uniform countrywide, regional features, too, could be pointed out, and whether there were links between pieces which permitted the hypothesising of common workshops or trade routes. In the background of the similarities, waterborne trade conducted along the Drava and Danube rivers may be considered important, but other factors, too, may have had a role, e.g. various population movements and also redeployments of soldiers. In the light of the written data, Szigetvár had a workshop which produced clay tobacco pipes; kindred finds from the region can, perhaps, be brought into connection with this workshop.
Vessel fragments of the Árpádian Age were found at Baktó on the outskirts of Szeged during the construction of the M3 Motorway. We uncovered the scattered features of a settlement dating from the 12th–13th centuries. A total of fifty archaeological features were excavated, about one-half of which could be assigned to the Árpádian Age. The western edge of the settlement fell into the excavated area; the settlement’s northern boundary could only be tentatively identified. The marginal area of the settlement was characterised by animal pens and a periodically renewed ditch system of rectangular ditches enclosing areas of different sizes.
Abstract
During the period of Ottoman rule in Hungary (1541‒1686), palisaded castles of differing sizes were typical elements in the border-castle networks on both sides of the battlefront: the Ottoman and the Christian. Archaeological remains (post-holes, beam structures, parts of palisades) complement the data in the written sources, making perceptible and measurable the great quantities of timber used in the building of castles. In the case of the Ottoman palisaded castle at Barcs and in that of the royal palisaded castle at Bajcsavár (southern Transdanubia), attempts were made ‒ on the basis of archaeological observations and reconstructions of ground plans ‒ to determine the number of palisade stakes used for the walls at the time of building, as well as to establish the number of trees felled in order to make them. By way of environmental history researches, an answer was sought to the question of how much the construction of these palisaded castles impacted on the forests in their respective districts. In the case of Barcs Castle, investigations were conducted into whether forest clearance in its vicinity can be reconstructed on the basis of pollen samples. Other issues examined are how far forest clearance extended from the two fortifications, its intensity, and the approximate quantities of timber yielded by it.
Abstract
The present study outlines the most important results of the aerial archaeological prospection surveys conducted by Zsuzsa Miklós (1948–2014) in South Transdanubia, with special regard to the fortifications, settlements, and landscapes along the Drava photographed between 2008 and 2013. This is a completed and edited version of the paper left to us from 2014.
This study reports on the in vivo effects of four endomorphin-2 (EM-2) derivatives (EMD1-4) containing unnatural amino acids, i.e. 2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (Achc2), para-fluorophenylalanine (pFPhe4), β-methylphenylalanine (βMePhe4) and/or 2′,6′-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt1). After induction of osteoarthritis by monosodium iodoacetate into the ankle joint of male Wistar rats, a chronic intrathecal catheter was inserted for spinal drug delivery. The mechanical threshold was assessed by a dynamic aesthesiometer. Intrathecal injection of the original EM-2 and the ligands (0.3–10 μg) caused dose-dependent antiallodynic effects. The comparison of the different substances revealed that EMD3 and EMD4 showed more prolonged antinociception than EM-2, and the effects of the highest dose of EMD4 were comparable to morphine, while EMD3 caused paralysis at this dose. The potency of the different ligands did not differ from EM-2. The results show that the derivatives of EM-2 have similar in vivo potency to the original ligand, but their effects were more prolonged suggesting that these structural modifications may play a role in the development of novel endomorphin analogues with increased therapeutic potential.
Absztrakt
A ganglionléc a gerinces embriókban megjelenő átmeneti, multipotens, vándorló sejtpopuláció, amiből a perifériás idegrendszer idegi és gliális elemeitől kezdve a craniofacialis terület ectomesenchymalis származékain vagy a bőr pigmentsejtjein át számos struktúra származtatható. Érdekes módon a ganglionléc-eredetű őssejtek nem csak az embrionális ganglionlécben vannak jelen, hanem megtalálhatók az általuk betelepített embrionális és felnőttkori szövetekben is. Ezek a posztmigrációs őssejtek – legalábbis részlegesen – tükrözik elődeik multipotenciáját. Ráadásul az olyan ganglionléc-eredetű, terminálisan differenciálódott sejtek, mint például a Schwann-sejtek és a melanocyták, bármikor képesek őssejtszerű progenitorokká dedifferenciálódni. Az összefoglaló tanulmányban a szerzők bemutatják, hogy mit tudunk jelenleg ezekről a különleges plaszticitású őssejtekről és milyen potenciális alkalmazási lehetőségek merülnek fel velük kapcsolatban a regeneratív orvoslás területén. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(42), 1683–1694.
