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A Rhodococcus fajok változatos metabolikus képességeik, robosztus sejtfelépítésük, és hidegtűrésük révén meghatarozó környezetvédelmi, ipari és biotechnológiai objektumokká kezdenek válni. Kiemelkedő szerepük van az aromás szénhidrogének, klórozott fenolok, szterolok, peszticidek, valamint a lignin, a kőszén, és a nyersolaj atalakításában, lebontásában. E különleges szubsztrátok átalakításában az oxigenáz (CYP450), dioxigenáz, dehidrogenáz, hidroxiláz, hidroláz, dehalogenáz stb. enzimek nagy mennyiségben és variációban történő előfordulása játszik lényegi szerepet, de nem elhanyagolható a rodokokkuszok rendkívüli oldószer-toleranciája, és az egy sejten belül megsokszorozódott gének ko-regulációjának, és néhány természetes emulgeátor szintezisének a képessége sem. Jelen közleményben a R. erythropolis NI86/21 talajbaktérium mezőgazdasági biotechnológia/mikrobiológia tárgyú kutatásainkat foglaltam össze. Ezek közül három téma mutatkozik a gyakorlatban is hasznosíthatónak. A bioantidótum és az ehhez rokon fitoremediációs eljárások a peszticidek és az ipari szennyező anyagok által okozott környezeti terhelést csökkentik. A másik igéretes terület a R. erythropolis NI86/21 thcF génjével transzformált Arabidopsis thaliana növényben termelt természetes fungicid tanulmányozása, mely azt hivatott eldönteni, hogy e (máig azonosítatlan) vegyületnek van-e létjogosultsága a mezőgazdasági gyakorlatban. A harmadik, inkább ipari/bioremediációs jellegű kutatási irány a rodokokkuszok kapszulázása és felhasználása olyan szennyezett talajok és felszini vizek tisztítására, ahol a szennyező anyagok kis koncentrációban, de folyamatosan kerülnek a környezetbe, és ennek megfelelően arra van szükség, hogy a rodokokkusz sejtek állandóan jelen legyenek a biotópban.
This article is the first of a series, and the precursor of a monograph on Ibn al-Muqaffa c ’s work. I give here a short description of the period of his times, those times of ferment in which Arabo-Islamic civilisation was first formed, and then continue with a more detailed analysis of what is probably the most controversial work attributed to him. I set out to prove that this “Manichean Apology” — which is in fact a “Rationalist Critique of Islam” — is very probably authentic, and gives an insight into the ontological foundations of Ibn al-Muqaffa c ’s ethical and political system. The article concludes with a summary of his philosophy as it can be reconstructed from his works.
The goal of my research is to put together from scattered mosaics an intellectual portrait of Ibn al-Muqaffa c , a complex and enigmatic thinker, and a key figure in the transmission of the late antique heritage to the Arabo-Islamic culture. This article is the third in a series. The first, “ La Lumière et les Ténèbres dans l’œuvre d’Ibn al-Muqaffa c ” (Light and Darkness in Ibn al-Muqaffa c ) was published in AOH Vol. 61 (3). In that article, I set out the rationalist and anti-Islamic ideas presented in works attributed to Ibn al-Muqaffa c . The second article, “On the authenticity of al-Adab al-ṣaġīr attributed to Ibn al-Muqaffa c and the titles of the Kitāb al-ādāb al-kabīr, al-Adab al-ṣaġīr, tal-Yatīma and the Polemic against Islam ” was published in AOH Vol. 62 (2). This third article complements the picture of the rationalist and anti-Islamic Ibn al-Muqaffa c that I have presented in the first article and shows another side of his attitude towards religion. According to the texts quoted here, the rationality of people is not enough to secure the peace of the individual soul, much less the peace of the state. The welfare of society requires a well functioning state whose cohesion is best ensured by religion.The introduction is a short outline of the correlation between Ibn al-Muqaffa c ’s social status and his attitude towards power, reason and religion. In the first section, I will quote and analyse some views attributed to him that reveal an unusual but coherent approach towards religion. The second section will present his ideas and reasoning that links reason, religion and power. The conclusion of this article will not end this series on Ibn al-Muqaffa c , but will be followed by the next article entitled: “A Self-portrait of a Wise Jackal; Ibn al-Muqaffa c ’s Heroes: the Sage and the Sovereign.”
G. Richter, F. Gabrieli, I. c Abbās and M. Zakeri conducted fundamental research on Al-Adab al-ṣaġīr which is attributed to Ibn al-Muqaffa c . They concluded that this work is spurious. This view is generally accepted by most of the scholars. The primary objective of the first section of this article is to add some comments and information to their research, as well as to argue that Al-Adab al-ṣaġīr is very likely an authentic work of Ibn al-Muqaffa c . It is plausible that he compiled Pahlavi texts which he translated, and prefaced this compilation with an introduction. In the second section of this article I will discuss the question of the titles of some of Ibn al-Muqaffac c ’s compositions, such as the Kitāb al-ādāb al-kabīr, Al-Adab al-ṣaġīr, Al-Yatīma , and the Polemic against Islam . This article is the second of a series on Ibn al-Muqaffa c ’s oeuvre . The first article of this series La Lumière et les Ténèbres dans l’œuvre d’Ibn al-Muqaffa c (Light and Darkness in Ibn al-Muqaffa c ) was published in a previous volume of the AOH (61/3). The next article of this series, “Reason, Religion and Power in Ibn al-Muqaffa c ”, will be published in one of the next issues.
The gene order conservation (GOC) between the species of family Streptococcaceae was analysed. The rate of GOC in the strains belonging to the same species is 70% or more. When we compared different species belonging to the same genus, the rate of GOC was 30–47% while it was below 20% when the species were from different genera. A molecular identification key was established for identifying those genera and species within the family Streptococcaceae which have an already known full genome sequence (24 Streptococcus and 2 Lactococcus species). Identical genome parts of the species belonging to the same genus were used for determination of genera. These are the sections surrounding the replication origin dnaA, the sequence from gene phaB to the gene accA, and the sequence of alr acpS secA. Sections around the genes pepX, leuS and rplM were used for identifying the species. The gene order analysis and data in molecular identification key showed that S. uberis and S. parauberis also belong to the same species, and our suggestion for their new names is S. uberis subsp. uberis and S uberis subsp. parauberis. Based on this data, a new definition of bacterial species is proposed: two isolates belong to the same species if the order of the genes in their genomes is almost identical.
The paper presents, in an analytical manner, Hungary’s legal experiences with international investment arbitration, giving an in-depth overview of the country’s ICSID cases and their background. Investment disputes are notoriously complex and have several political, economic and regulatory aspects. The purpose of the paper is to present the Hungarian investment disputes in the context of their local background and the national regulatory environment.
Abstract
The integrals of maximal Riesz and Nörlund kernels are infinite, so we have to use some weight function to “pull them back” to the finite. In this paper we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the weight function to get a finite integral on bounded Vilenkin groups. For our motivation we refer the readers to [4], [5], [6].
A nefrogén szisztémás fibrosis, melyet korábban nefrogén fibrotizáló dermopathiaként említett az irodalom, egy ritka kórkép, mely vesebetegeknél jelentkezik. A kialakulását elsősorban gadolínium alapú MRI-kontrasztanyag alkalmazását követően észlelték beszűkült vesefunkciójú, többnyire dializált betegeken. A nefrogén szisztémás fibrosist a végtagok distalis részén kezdődő, majd a súlyosabb esetekben a tüdőt, májat, szív- és vázizomzatot is érintő fibrosis jellemzi. A betegség több szervrendszer együttes érintettsége esetén – az esetek mintegy 5%-ában – gyors lefolyású és halálos kimenetelű is lehet. Bizonyítékokon alapuló terápiája még nem ismert, de egy-egy esetben javulást észleltek vesetranszplantáció és plazmaferézis után, illetve gyógyulást írtak le extracorporalis fotoferézist követően.
