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Abstract  

Diffusion of Cu, Ag, Au, Ge and Zn in single crystal gallium antimonide has been carried out by measuring Hall effect according to van der Pauw, conductivity, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and surface electron microscopy. The best results have been obtained in excess of antimony. The resulting diffusion data in GaSb are diffusivity Do, activation enthalpy Q, carrier density p and mobility µ at 300 K: Ag: Do=1.8·10−4 cm2 s−1, Q=1.2 eV, p=6·1018 cm−3, µ=550 cm2 (Vs)−1 Au: Do=6.6·10+3 cm2 s−1, Q=2.7 eV, p=5·1018 cm−3, µ=500 cm2 (Vs)−1 Cu: Do=3.2·10+8 cm2 s−1, Q=2.7 eV, p=2·1018 cm−3, µ=150 cm2 (Vs)−1 Zn: Do=9.2·10−2 cm2 s−1, Q=1.8 eV, p=2·1020 cm−3, µ=80 cm2 (Vs)−1 Ge: Do=1.0·10−1 cm2 s−1, Q=1.7 eV, p=1·1019 cm−3, µ=320 cm2 (Vs)−1.

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Let be a real irrational number and A =(xn) be a sequence of positive integers. We call A a characterizing sequence of or of the group Z mod 1 if lim n 2A n !1 k k =0 if and only if 2 Z mod 1. In the present paper we prove the existence of such characterizing sequences, also for more general subgroups of R = Z . Inthespecialcase Z mod 1 we give explicit construction of a characterizing sequence in terms of the continued fraction expansion of. Further, we also prove some results concerning the growth and gap properties of such sequences. Finally, we formulate some open problems.

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Abstract  

A simple and easy to perform method for the determination of 230 Th in soil and sediment samples using gamma-spectrometry is proposed and compared with the more usual procedure using alpha-particle spectrometry. The proposed method involves an efficiency calibration for the specific determination of this radionuclide instead of a complete calibration of the spectra. A single density parameter is introduced to correct the efficiencies obtained from the reference sources. The activities of 230 Th determined by gamma-spectrometry and alpha-particle spectrometry are compared. The minimum detectable activity values obtained are completely adequate for 230 Th determination in soil and sediment samples, in which 230 Th activities are usually fairly high. Thus, this procedure is intended as a very easy way to obtain the activity of this radionuclide in these types of samples, at least as a screening method before carrying out other more laborious procedures.

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Abstract  

This study demonstrates the thermalanalysis applications in compatibility and stability studies of the propranolol binary mixture sand tablets A and B. The propranolol binary mixtures were prepared in the laboratory and compared to the fully formulated tablets using the thermogravimetric (TG) and calorimetric(DSC) methods. DSC of binary mixtures showed similar phase transition to propranolol drug. The tablets phase transition decreased and there was no detectable significant interaction in propranolol–lactose mixture and tablets. The DSC-photovisual test revealed an interaction similar to the Maillard reaction. The TG isothermal study showed a difference in the profile between the drug and tablets due excipients quality and problems in manufacture process. The kinetic parameters indicated a lower stability for the tablets than propranolol drug. The thermal techniques thermally differentiated the propranolol preparations demonstrating the importance in the design development of pharmaceuticals solid-dosage form.

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Abstract  

The compatibilities and stabilities of some binary mixtures and generic hydrochlorothiazide formulations were studied by using TG, DSC and a DSC-photovisual system. The kinetic parameters were determined via the Arrhenius equations. Tablet B presented higher compatibility and thermal stability than those of tablets A and C. The photovisual system demonstrated that the decomposition of tablet A occurs before the melting point, due to the Maillard reaction between the hydrochlorothiazide and lactose present in the formulation. The behaviour and rate constants of binary mixtures suggest that lactose can be substituted for microcrystalline cellulose, MC(101), in tablet A. The DSC and TG data revealed different characteristics of compatibility and stability in generic formulations from different manufacturers.

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Abstract  

The divalent copper, nickel, cobalt and trivalent chromium, molybdenium and iron chelate compounds derived from bis(acetylacetone) ethylenediimine were grafted on activated silica gel using a batch process in methanolic solution. The sequence of the maximum retention capacity was Cr(III)>Mo(III)>Fe(III)>Co(II)>Ni(II)>Cu(II). Calorimetric titration was employed to study the interaction of activated silica gel with these series of metal chelate compounds. Exothermic enthalpic results were obtained throughout all interactions process. The spontaneity of these systems was reflected in negative and positive free Gibbs energy from entropic values.

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Abstract  

The rapidly increasing therapeutic applications of 188Re in nuclear medicine, oncology and interventional cardiology require routine production of large, multi-Curie levels of the 188W parent. The capability and effective coordination of back-up production sites is important to insure that high level 188W/188Re generators are continually available. We have coordinated 188W production at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR - Oak Ridge, US) with production at the BR2 Reactor (Mol, Belgium) characterized by peak thermal neutron fluxes of 2.51·015 (HFIR) and 1·1015 (BR2) neutrons/cm2·sec, respectively. The long 69-day physical half-life permits receipt of 188W from BR2 within 0.25 T 1/2's, even after the 12-day post irradiation cooling required for 187W decay (T 1/2 = 24 hours). Since 188W production by double neutron capture of enriched 186W is a function of the square of the thermal neutron flux, HFIR production (4-5 Ci 188W/g 186W/cycle) is higher than at the BR2 (1.0-1.1 Ci/g 186W/cycle). However, the specific activity (SA) of BR2-produced 188W is still about 0.8-0.9 Ci/g after processing at ORNL following shipment from Belgium. This SA is sufficiently high to permit fabrication of 1 Ci generators suitable for clinical use, since simple post elution concentration of the saline bolus (30-50 ml) obtained from the generator can provide samples with high specific volume (1 ml volume). The time periods from reactor push in Mol and completion of processing, fabrication and shipment of generators from Oak Ridge have been 19-21 days. Six campaigns have been successfully completed since 1998, with processed levels of 188W in Oak Ridge from 8-26 Curies/campaign. 188W has been provided to MAP Medical technologies Oy (Tikkakoski, Finland) for fabrication and distribution of generators for use at IAEA-supported research projects in developing countries. We have thus established and demonstrated an effective collaboration between the Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie-Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire (SCK·CEN) and ORNL for back-up production of 188W. This collaboration continues to be especially helpful during periods when interruption of HFIR operation is necessary for maintenance and upgrades.

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Abstract  

Calorimetric titration was applied to study the interaction of zinc, cadmium and mercury on surface of silica gel modified with 2-aminoethanethiol, using 3-chloropropyltrimetoxysilane as precursor silylating agent. The anchored Sil–SNH2 surface gave 0.70 mmol g–1 of molecules covalently bonded per gram of silica. This surface displayed a chelating moiety containing sulfur and nitrogen basic centers, which are potentially capable of extracting cations from aqueous solutions, such as MCl2 (M=Zn, Cd, Hg). This process of extraction was carried out by the batch method when similar chemisorption isotherms were observed for all cations. The data were adjusted to modified Langmuir equation. The sequence of the maximum retention capacity was Hg>Cd>Zn. The processes of cation interactions showed exothermic enthalpies. The calculated ΔG values are in agreement with the spontaneity of the proposed reactions and conformed to the values found by using Langmuir model applied to these systems. The endothermic entropic values, as expected, indicated that the reactions are favorable.

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Abstract  

Several studies on the influence of heavy metals to the growth of vegetables have been carried out in Cuba by the Ministry of Agriculture in order to evaluate the effects resulting of the continuous application of fertilizers and other materials to the soils. The analysis of metal contents in soil and vegetable samples is often troublesome due to the low concentration levels to be determined. In the the present work EDXRF, AAS and ASV methods were applied and compared for the evaluation of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb contents in red ferralitic soil and Sorghum samples. Several certified reference materials (CRM) (inorganic and organic matrixes) were analyzed in order to evaluate the performance of the analytical procedures and the bias and precision of the results. A study was performed with growing Sorghum in several series of pots where different quantities of metals were added to the soil substrate. The observed correlation between the metal contents in soil and plants as well as the influence of different additions of each metal on the plant growth is also presented.

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Journal of Behavioral Addictions
Authors:
Beáta Bőthe
,
Mónika Koós
,
Léna Nagy
,
Shane W. Kraus
,
Zsolt Demetrovics
,
Marc N. Potenza
,
Aurélie Michaud
,
Rafael Ballester-Arnal
,
Dominik Batthyány
,
Sophie Bergeron
,
Joël Billieux
,
Peer Briken
,
Julius Burkauskas
,
Georgina Cárdenas-López
,
Joana Carvalho
,
Jesús Castro-Calvo
,
Lijun Chen
,
Giacomo Ciocca
,
Ornella Corazza
,
Rita Csako
,
David P. Fernandez
,
Elaine F. Fernandez
,
Loïs Fournier
,
Hironobu Fujiwara
,
Johannes Fuss
,
Roman Gabrhelík
,
Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan
,
Biljana Gjoneska
,
Mateusz Gola
,
Joshua B. Grubbs
,
Hashim T. Hashim
,
Md. Saiful Islam
,
Mustafa Ismail
,
Martha C. Jiménez-Martínez
,
Tanja Jurin
,
Ondrej Kalina
,
Verena Klein
,
András Költő
,
Chih-Ting Lee
,
Sang-Kyu Lee
,
Karol Lewczuk
,
Chung-Ying Lin
,
Liverpool John Moores University's research team † Liverpool John Moores University's research team
,
Christine Lochner
,
Silvia López-Alvarado
,
Kateřina Lukavská
,
Percy Mayta-Tristán
,
Ionut Milea
,
Dan J. Miller
,
Oľga Orosová
,
Gábor Orosz
,
Sungkyunkwan University's research team †† Sungkyunkwan University's research team
,
Fernando P. Ponce
,
Gonzalo R. Quintana
,
Gabriel C. Quintero Garzola
,
Jano Ramos-Diaz
,
Kévin Rigaud
,
Ann Rousseau
,
Marco De Tubino Scanavino
,
Marion K. Schulmeyer
,
Pratap Sharan
,
Mami Shibata
,
Sheikh Shoib
,
Vera L. Sigre Leirós
,
Luke Sniewski
,
Ognen Spasovski
,
Vesta Steibliene
,
Dan J. Stein
,
Julian Strizek
,
Aleksandar Štulhofer
,
Berk C. Ünsal
, and
Marie-Pier Vaillancourt-Morel

Abstract

Background and aims

Despite its inclusion in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases, there is a virtual paucity of high-quality scientific evidence about compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD), especially in underrepresented and underserved populations. Therefore, we comprehensively examined CSBD across 42 countries, genders, and sexual orientations, and validated the original (CSBD-19) and short (CSBD-7) versions of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale to provide standardized, state-of-the-art screening tools for research and clinical practice.

Method

Using data from the International Sex Survey (N = 82,243; M age = 32.39 years, SD = 12.52), we evaluated the psychometric properties of the CSBD-19 and CSBD-7 and compared CSBD across 42 countries, three genders, eight sexual orientations, and individuals with low vs. high risk of experiencing CSBD.

Results

A total of 4.8% of the participants were at high risk of experiencing CSBD. Country- and gender-based differences were observed, while no sexual-orientation-based differences were present in CSBD levels. Only 14% of individuals with CSBD have ever sought treatment for this disorder, with an additional 33% not having sought treatment because of various reasons. Both versions of the scale demonstrated excellent validity and reliability.

Discussion and conclusions

This study contributes to a better understanding of CSBD in underrepresented and underserved populations and facilitates its identification in diverse populations by providing freely accessible ICD-11-based screening tools in 26 languages. The findings may also serve as a crucial building block to stimulate research into evidence-based, culturally sensitive prevention and intervention strategies for CSBD that are currently missing from the literature.

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