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- Author or Editor: Jiao Jiang x
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Background and aims
Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) has been applied in behavioral addiction studies in recent years. However, few empirical studies using MBI have been conducted for smartphone addiction, which is prevalent among Chinese university students. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a group mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral intervention (GMCI) on smartphone addiction in a sample of Chinese university students.
Methods
Students with smartphone addiction were divided into a control group (n = 29) and an intervention group (n = 41). The students in the intervention group received an 8-week GMCI. Smartphone addiction was evaluated using scores from the Mobile Phone Internet Addiction Scale (MPIAS) and self-reported smartphone use time, which were measured at the baseline (1st week, T1), post-intervention (8th week, T2), the first follow-up (14th week, T3), and the second follow-up (20th week, T4).
Results
Twenty-seven students in each group completed the intervention and the follow-up. Smartphone use time and MPIAS scores significantly decreased from T1 to T3 in the intervention group. Compared with the control group, the intervention group had significantly less smartphone use time at T2, T3, and T4 and significantly lower MPIAS scores at T3.
Discussion and conclusion
This pilot study demonstrated that the GMCI could significantly alleviate smartphone addiction among university students.
Genetic structure of 142 parent lines of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] was analyzed using model-based approach based on SSR markers. Forty-one selected from 103 SSR markers were used to analyze the parent lines, which generated 189 alleles revealed by each marker ranging from 2 to 11 with an average of 4.6 per marker. The polymorphic information content (PIC) value was 0.543 with a range of 0.089 to 0.850. All the parent lines were assigned to 7 subgroups, named Kafir, Kaoliang, Feterita, Shallu, Hegari, Milo and Durra. Parent lines without clear pedigree record were clustered into their corresponding groups, and genetic components of each line were estimated by Q-values. Information of this study would be useful for breeders to conclude their genetic background and select appropriate parents for germplasm improvement and hybrid breeding, and thus improve the efficiency of breeding programs.
Abstract
A metal-organic framework [Mn(4,4′-bipy)(1,3-BDC)] n (MnMOF, 1,3-BDC = 1,3-benzene dicarboxylate, 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine) has been synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by single crystal XRD and FT-IR spectrum. The low-temperature molar heat capacities of MnMOF were measured by temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry for the first time. The thermodynamic parameters such as entropy and enthalpy relative to reference temperature 298.15 K were derived based on the above molar heat capacity data. Moreover, the thermal stability and the decomposition mechanism of MnMOF were investigated by thermogravimetry analysis-mass spectrometer. A two-stage mass loss was observed in air flow. MS curves indicated that the gas products of oxidative degradation were H2O, CO2, NO, and NO2.
Abstract
3-(4-[18F]fluorobenzyl)-8-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-c]pyridin-5-one ([18F]FHTP) was in vitro and in vivo evaluated as a putative dopamine D4 receptor radioligand. Its inhibition constant (K i ) for cloned human dopamine D4.2 receptor was determined to be 2.9 nM and it displayed a 2000-fold D4-selectivity over the D2long subtype. Its partition coefficient (logP) was measured to be 1.11. Biodistribution, blocking distribution and metabolism studies in rats demonstrated that the specific distribution of [18F]FHTP in brain regions, suggesting that [18F]FHTP may be a suitable PET imaging agent for in vivo studies of the dopamine D4 receptor.
Abstract
A three-dimensional lithium-based metal–organic framework Li2(2,6-NDC) (2,6-NDC = 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate) has been synthesized solvothermally and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and mass spectrometer analysis (TG–MS). The framework has exceptional stability and is stable to 863 K. The thermal decomposition characteristic of this compound was investigated through the TG–MS from 293 to 1250 K. The molar heat capacity of the compound was measured by temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) over the temperature range from 195 to 670 K for the first time. The thermodynamic parameters such as entropy and enthalpy versus 298.15 K based on the above molar heat capacity were calculated.
Abstract
Two metal-organic frameworks, Ca(2,6-NDC)(DMF) (1) and Mn3(2,6-NDC)3(DMF)4 (2) (where 2,6-NDC = 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate and DMF = N,N′-dimethylformamide) have been solvothermally synthesized under optimized conditions and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, and TG analysis. The thermal decomposition characteristics were investigated under air atmosphere from 300 to 1,170 K (for 1) and from 300 to 971 K (for 2). The molar heat capacities were measured from 198 to 548 K (for 1) and from 198 to 448 K (for 2) by temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) for the first time. The fundamental thermodynamic parameters such as entropy and enthalpy variations with temperature were calculated based on the experimentally determined molar heat capacities.
Abstract
Two new land snail species of the family Enidae, Serina xirong Chen, Dai, Wu & Ouyang sp. n. and Turanena jiuzhaigouensis Chen, Dai, Wu & Ouyang sp. n., are described from Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province, China based on conchological morphology. Serina xirong can be distinguished from congeneric species by its ribbed teleoconch, and Turanena jiuzhaigouensis can be distinguished from congeneric species by its micro, conic, weakly keeled shell without color stripes before body whorl. This discovery further enhances our understanding of the enid species diversity in Sichuan Province.
Abstract
Three new species of camaenid land snail, Camaena qiannanensis Chen, Dai, Wu & Ouyang sp. n., Camaena feichenyui Chen, Dai, Wu & Ouyang sp. n. and Camaena qinghuai Chen, Dai, Wu & Ouyang sp. n. are described from Guizhou and Guangxi of southern China based on shell and genital morphology, and molecular phylogeny. The phylogenetic result shows that the genus Camaena is not a monophyletic group, with Camaenella located within it. The discovery enhances the species diversity of Camaena in Southern China and fills the gap between distribution areas of known species.
Abstract
One-three-dimensional metal-organic frameworks Mg1.5(C12H6O4)1.5(C3H7NO)2 (MgNDC) has been synthesized solvothermally and characterized by single crystal XRD, powder XRD, FT-IR spectra. The low-temperature molar heat capacities of MgNDC were measured by temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) over the temperature range from 205 to 470 K for the first time. No phase transition or thermal anomaly was observed in the experimental temperature range. The thermodynamic parameters of MgNDC such as entropy and enthalpy relative to reference temperature of 298.15 K were derived based on the above molar heat capacities data. Moreover, the thermal stability and decomposition of MgNDC was further investigated through thermogravimetry (TG)–mass spectrometer (MS). Three stages of mass loss were observed in the TG curve. TG–MS curve indicated that the oxidative degradation products of MgNDC are mainly H2O, CO2, NO, and NO2.
Abstract
A novel metal organic framework [Co (BTC)1/3 (DMF) (HCOO)] n (CoMOF, BTC = 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylate, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) has been synthesized solvothermally and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction, and FT-IR spectra. The molar heat capacity of the compound was measured by modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) over the temperature range from 198 to 418 K for the first time. The thermodynamic parameters such as entropy and enthalpy versus 298.15 K based on the above molar heat capacity were calculated. Moreover, a four-step sequential thermal decomposition mechanism for the CoMOF was investigated through the thermogravimetry and mass spectrometer analysis (TG-DTG-MS) from 300 to 800 K. The apparent activation energy of the first decomposition step of the compound was calculated by the Kissinger method using experimental data of TG analysis.
