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- Author or Editor: K. Satyanarayana x
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Abstract
The present paper examines the multiple authorship in research papers in biomedical sciences from the more basic aspects to clinically oriented research. Seventeen journals were chosen for analysis — nine from the general and life sciences categories and eight from medical sciences group with clinical orientation. All these were 
high impact
journals as per the Science Citation Index and come in the top ten journals in their respective desciplines. The average authors/paper was significantly higher (P<0.001) in medical journals –4.299 (range 3.21–5.35) as compared to general biomedical journals –3.298 (range 3.21–5.35). Data from highly cited papers (1961–78) also indicate that papers in clinical sciences have higher average authors (2.71) as compared to preclinical basic research (2.25: P<0.26) and more basic research areas like biochemistry and molecular biology (2.208; P<0.02). The team size in research in clinical subjects is therefore appreciably larger as compared to basic biomedical sciences. Also the general and biomedical sciences articles were relatively longer (average 7.75 pages; range 2.69–10.07) as compared to medical papers with a clinical orientation (avarage 4.24 pages; range 1.80–12.92; P<0.001).
Abstract
A simple and rapid inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric method for the determination of trace level impurities like REEs, Y, Cd, Co, V, Mg, B, Ca, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn and Al in uranium oxide samples is described. The method involves solvent extraction separation of uranium from 6 M HNO3 acid medium using di (2-ethyl hexyl) phosphoric acid in toluene, which selectively separates uranium leaving behind the trace impurities in the aqueous media, for quantification by ICP-OES. The method has been applied to few synthetic samples and five certified reference U3O8 standards. The results are compared with other methods such as TBP-TOPO-CCl4 and 1,2 diaminocyclohexane N,N,N′,N′-tetra acetic acid (CyDTA)–ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) separation techniques. Different experimental parameters like contact time, acidity, aqueous to organic ratio etc., are optimized for better and accurate results. The method is simple, rapid, accurate and precise for all the studied elements, showing a relative standard deviation of 1.5–12.0% at trace levels studied (5.5–12% at 0.2 μg/mL and 1.5–6.0% at 0.5 μg/mL), on the synthetic samples prepared from high purity oxides.
Abstract
A simple, effective and low cost solid phase extraction procedure was standardized for the trace and ultra-trace level determination of rare earth impurities, such as, Ce, Dy, Sm, Gd, Eu, Er etc. which act as neutron poisons, in nuclear grade uranium oxide (U3O8 > 99.9% by weight). The method involves selective separation of these elements as their fluorides with the help of activated charcoal from major uranium matrix followed by determination by ICP-MS and high resolution ICP-OES. The residual uranium content of the solution was <10 μg/mL. The recovery of REEs ranges from 85 to 105%. The method was validated with nuclear grade uranium oxide standards CRM-I to CRM-V (BARC, Mumbai, India) in addition to some synthetic standards. The RSD of the method was ±12% (n = 3).
Abstract
This study aims to examine whether rapid communications exert more influence/impact on subsequent research. Citation analysis of Short Communications (SCs) and Main Articles (MAs) from 1983 and 1990 for 5 high impact biomedical journals was carried out for a five year period following publication. The mean citations cumulated for the five year period showed no consistent trend. Some journals showed more citations for SCs while some showed more for MAs. The mean citations (range) for SCs and MAs for the 1983 and 1990 papers respectively were as follows:Gene: 14.13 (0-61) and 38.79 (0-677), 9.73 (0-93) and 13.17 (0-44);Journal of Clinical Investigation (JCI): 79.77 (3-202) and 27.52 (0-86), 50.52 (0-254) and 33.53 (0-151);Journal of Experimental Medicine (JEM): 39.80 (0-200) and 49.20 (0-403), 47.26 (0-258) and 50.27 (0-173); andJournal of Biological Chemistry (JBC); 36.21 (0-380) and 19.67 (0-53), 37.19 (0-273) and 26.84 (0-185). SCs ofJournal of Cell Biology (JCB) had a mean citation of 25.84 per article with a range of 0-98, while the MAs had a mean citation of 33.13 with the range 4-122 during 1983-87. The citation peak was seen about three years after publication for all the journals during both the periods. The mean cumulative citations showed a progressive increase over the five years for both types of papers, in all journals and for both the 5 year periods. The initial differences observed persisted even four years after the year of publication. No significant differences were observed in the distribution of the cumulative 5 year citations between the SCs and MAs. An index of speed of citation per article showed no substantial differences between SCs and MAs with MAs showing an edge over SCs. Both MAs and SCs of all the journals showed nearly same average time per citation per article further confirming that the SCs do not enjoy the advantage of speedier citation. The results show that the generally perceived feeling of SCs getting cited more frequently and faster does not appear to be valid. Hence, the practice of publishing SCs on a priority basis is perhaps not warranted.
Abstract
Most error-resilient media processing applications use multipliers as their basic building blocks. These are power-consumption and computationally intensive modules. In the existing works, several types of the multipliers were used to improve the hardware capacity, but those methods did not provide sufficient results. Therefore, in this manuscript, a Baugh-Wooley Multiplier design using Multiple Control Toffoli (MCT) and Multiple Control Fredrick gate (MCF) Reversible Logic gate (BWM-MCT-MCF) will be analyzed. Initially, Reversible Full Adder (RFA) is designed using Multiple Control Toffoli and Multiple Control Fredrick gate Reversible Logic gates. Then the proposed Reversible Full Adder is used in Baugh-Wooley Multiplier. By this, it reduces the hardware complexity with higher speed, lower area, lower power consumption. The proposed BWM-MCT-MCF multiplier is implemented in MATLAB, its performance shows lower Garbage output 22.78%, 24.88%, 20.95% compared with the existing designs, like BWM-FG-FRG, BWM-RL-TG, BWM-TG-FG respectively. Then the designed BWM-MCT-MCF is implemented using Xilinx ISE tool with the Virtex 5 device. From this, the performance of the proposed FPGA-BWM-MCT-MCF method shows lower delay 23.77%, 16.86% compared with the existing designs, like FPGA-BWM-RL-TG, FPGA-BWM-TG-FG respectively.
