Search Results
You are looking at 1 - 10 of 54 items for
- Author or Editor: L. Kiss x
- Refine by Access: All Content x
Recently, the classical morphological criteria and host range data used in the identification of powdery mildew fungi were supplemented with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and molecular phylogenetic analyses. This paper discusses the joint use of these methods in the identification of powdery mildew anamorphs causing new or emerging plant diseases in different parts of the world.
Both the activated and the non-activated alkaline polymerization ofε-caprolactam were studied by DSC. In the latter case, a curve-resolving method was applied to separate the superimposed polymerization and crystallization processes. The counter-ion effect was taken into account in the complexing of the initiator cations by crown compounds.
Recently, comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal DNA sequences have led to important advances in understanding the evolution of powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales). These results have triggered major changes in the identification, taxonomy, and, thus, nomenclature of this group of plant pathogens. This paper reviews the recent nomenclatural changes of the Erysiphales and provides an up-to-date list of all the powdery mildew fungi reported from Hungary using the new names of the fungal taxa.
Abstract
Investigations of the possible use of Mössbauer measurements for the analysis of the corrosion products of iron are reported. The Mössbauer spectrum was measured at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures on two samples produced by different corrosion procedures. The isomeric shift, quadrupole splitting and magnetic splitting observed in the spectra yield information on the chemical composition. In this way, the chemical forms of the compounds in the samples could be established. The magnetic properties, revealed by the spectra taken at different temperatures, permitted the identification of the polymorphous modifications. The rust produced in air saturated with water vapour was found to consist of 50% (w/w) Fe2O3,∼40% γ-FeOOH, and ∼10% β-FeOOH, while the rust produced by periodical immersion in saturated calcium chloride solution is composed of about equal amounts of β-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH. These findings have been confirmed by the thermoanalytical curves of the samples. The Mössbauer effect presents a convenient method for the investigation of the corrosion products of iron.
The change of the number of turnip moth (Scotia segetum Schiff.) females was examined at 65 different light trap stations between 1957 and 1990. There are two generations of the examined species in Hungary, but the individual number of the first generation is low year by year, so we processed only the data of the second generation. Only those generations were examined that had more than 100 samples because of the statistical reliability. Thirty-three light trap stations were suitable for this examination. The joint number of yearly caught male and female individuals and also separately the samples of females were summarised for each observing station. The change of female individual number as a function of total individual number was determined from the coherent pairs of value. The connection can be described by linear function. The proportion of females is 38%. The relative frequency of females was also determined in the function of the individual number. The shown point-mass is similar to the damped vibration known at technical systems. It was established that the female proportion was higher than the average if the individual number is low, but it showed average value when the individual number was high. It can also be established that the female proportion is significantly high in some cases before gradation years.
Two wheat-infecting isolates of WDV-WDV-B and WDV-F- were collected in the field of Martonvásár and Nagykovácsi. The complete genomes were amplified by PCR, cloned into pBKS+ plasmid and sequenced. The nucleotide divergence in the total genome of the five isolates-WDV- Fra, WDV-Cz, WDV-Swe, WDV-B and WDV-F-originating from different part of Europe were found to be 0.44-1.69%. The four genes- MP, CP, RepA and Rep-and two non-coding region-LIR and SIR- were compared and a phylogenetic tree was constructed.
The microbiological spoilage of foods depends on the initial microbiological contamination and some factors which influence the growth of microorganisms. Therefore, reducing the initial cell count is necessary for both extending shelf-life and improving food safety. Physical, chemical and combined treatments serve this purpose. In these experiments, the effect of trisodium phosphate dipping (0-15% solutions) was studied. Chicken wings were used, which after dipping (1 min) in the solution were packed in PE-PA-PE pouches and stored at 4 °C. Aerobic mesophilic (Nutrient Agar, Merck), pseudomonad (Pseudomonas Selective Agar, Oxoid), and Enterobacteriaceae counts (VRBD Agar, Merck) were determined by Spiral Plate Technique at 30 °C incubation temperature. Effect of 3.8, 5.7, 7.6% trisodium phosphate dipping solutions was studied as a function of storage time. Immediately after treatment, total colony count was reduced by maximum 1.5 log cycles. Pseudomonads were the most sensitive. One day after treatment with these low concentration solutions, the colony count was reduced by 2 log cycles. Na3PO4concentration higherthan 7.6% practically did not result in higher effectivity. The growth rate and maximum cell count of surviving fraction were estimated as a function of trisodium phosphate concentration. It can be concluded from fitted survival curves that immediately after treatment the initial viable cell count was reduced and the critical spoilage level (107g-1) has been reached 2-3 days later than in case of the untreated samples, i.e. the shelf-life was extended.
The effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and nisin was studied on micro-organisms in minced chicken and beef meat. Pressure in the range of 0-800 MPa and nisin (670 IU g-1) were applied for vacuum packed minced meat. In chicken meat the total viable cell count decreased by 3 log cycles as an effect of HHP at 300 MPa and by 5 log cycles in combination with nisin. The D value is 35-39 MPa for pseudomonads in minced chicken meat. In case of inoculation with L. monocytogenes, the cell count in beef meat was reduced only by pressure higher than 200 MPa (“shoulder”) with a characteristic value of D=37-38 MPa. B. cereus spores, both dormant and heat activated, were very resistant (D=800 MPa) in beef. However, the survival of pressurised spores after chilled storage (for two weeks at 4 °C) was smaller for non-heat activated spores than for heat activated spores. Efficiency of HHP combined with nisin needs further research work.
Plankton samples collected from a yellow watered bog pool of the mesotrophic “Călăţele Pădurii” peat bog (Romanian Western Mountains, Transylvania), exhibited an outstandingly rich Mallomonas population. The observations carried out by light and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the population belongs to Mallomonas intermedia Kisselev. Based on the presence of lance head bristles, distributed all over the cell armour (except few anterior collar, unilaterally serrated ones), it became evident that the population belong to the nominate variety (var. intermedia). Mallomonas intermedia var. saliceaensis formerly described from Transylvania differs by the type variety by the presence of exclusively serrated bristles. The present finding proved that Mallomonas intermedia could not be properly identified at infraspecific level solely based on the ultra structure of scales, without knowing the structure of bristles, too.
