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- Author or Editor: L. Tao x
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Abstract
The Library Least Squares method was adapted for use on a standard personal computer. It was found to be considerably more sensitive than the window method in the accurate assessment of65Zn and40K simultaneously presented in human urine samples.
Barley yellow dwarf virus-GAV (BYDV-GAV) is one of the most serious viruses on wheat in China. In this study, five BYDV-GAV isolates collected from five regions in Northwestern China were sequenced. The complete genome sequences generated in this study along with nine genome sequences of BYDV-GAV isolates available in GeneBank were compared and analyzed. The comparative analysis indicated that the complete genomes of BYDV-GAV showed a low level of genetic diversity with nucleotide sequence identities ranging between 97.0% and 99.7%, and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene (ORF1 + ORF2) was the most variable within the complete genome. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the BYDV-GAV isolates in Northwestern China could be divided into two groups. In addition, two potential recombination events were detected among the 14 BYDV-GAV isolates. This study provided a detailed description of molecular characterization of BYDV-GAV in Northwestern China based on the complete genome sequences, which increased the understanding of genetic diversity of barley yellow dwarf viruses.
Abstract
The product from reaction of samarium chloride hexahydrate with salicylic acid and Thioproline, [Sm(C7H5O3)2·(C4H6NO2S)]·2H2O, was synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analysis, molar conductance, and thermogravimetric analysis. The standard
molar enthalpies of solution of [SmCl3·6H2O(s)], [2C7H6O3(s)], [C4H7NO2S(s)] and [Sm(C7H5O3)2·(C4H7NO2S)·H2O(s)] in a mixed solvent of absolute ethyl alcohol, dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) and 3 mol L−1 HCl were determined by calorimetry to be Δs
H
m
Φ[SmCl3 δ6H2O (s), 298.15 K]= −46.68±0.15 kJ mol−1 Δs
H
m
Φ[2C7H6O3 (s), 298.15 K]= 25.19±0.02 kJ mol−1, Δs
H
m
Φ[C4H7NO2S (s), 298.15 K]=16.20±0.17 kJ mol−1 and Δs
H
m
Φ[Sm(C7H5O3)2·(C4H6NO2S)]·2H2O (s), 298.15 K]= −81.24±0.67 kJ mol−1. The enthalpy change of the reaction ((1))
Although significant progress has been made on Agrobacterium -mediated wheat transformation, the current methodologies use immature embryos as recipient tissues, a process which is labor intensive, time consuming and expensive. In this study, we have managed to develop an Agrobacterium -based transformation scheme using explants derived from mature embryos. Based on transient expression of β -glucuronidase (GUS) marker, mature embryo halves prepared from freshly imbibed seeds were generally most susceptible to Agrobacterium -mediated T-DNA transfer. According to the results of callus induction and shoot production, Yumai 66 and Lunxuan 208 showed higher selection and regeneration efficiency than Bobwhite. In line with this finding, fertile T 0 transgenic plants were most readily obtained for both spring and winter wheat when mature embryo halves were used for co-inoculation by Agrobacterium cells. The presence of the antibiotic selection marker ( nptII , encoding neomycin phosphotransferase II) in the T 0 plants was revealed by both genomic PCR amplification and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additional analysis showed that the transgene was stably inherited from the two different generations and segregated normally among the T 1 progenies. Further development along this line will raise the efficiency of wheat transformation and increase the use of this approach in the molecular breeding of wheat crop.
