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- Author or Editor: Lilla Dénes x
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In this study field restharrow (Ononis arvensis) was investigated for histological and antimicrobial features. The aerial part and the root were embedded in synthetic resin and investigated following sectioning by a rotation microtome. The antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the solvent fractions of the aerial part were studied against four bacterial strains and one fungus. According to histology, the root covered by rhizodermis contains contiguous vascular elements, which are surrounded by sclerenchyma cells. The epidermis cells are anisodiametric in the stem, sepal, and petal. The bundles of the stem form a Ricinus type thickening. The adaxial side of the heterogeneous leaf is covered by unbranching non-glandular and capitate glandular trichomes. The stipule, petiole, sepals and petals are isolateral having mesomorphic stomata. Pollen grains are tricolpate. The different extracts of the herb showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Data show that the extracts of the leaf contain compounds which may be responsible for the antifungal effect, while extracts obtained from display against the tested bacteria, except Escherichia coli. Further studies are required to complete the phytochemical analysis and identify the antimicrobial compounds of extracts.
Abstract
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) are retroviruses affecting felid species worldwide. A study was performed over a period of 5 months in Ireland with the aim to get an updated and more realistic prevalence of these retroviruses. A total of 183 EDTA-anticoagulated whole-blood samples were collected from cats distributed between 10 clinics. The samples were tested using both point-of-care enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Basic clinical data and vaccination history were also recorded for the sampled cats. The results of ELISA tests showed a prevalence of 10.4 and 3.3% for FIV and FeLV, respectively, and an apparent prevalence of 9.3% for FIV and 11.6% for FeLV with PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial polymerase (pol) gene sequences obtained from 8 FIV-positive strains showed that all but one of the Irish strains belonged to FIV subtype A, and one to subtype B. The overall mean genetic similarity between the analysed strains was 91.15%.
Absztrakt:
Korábbi tanulmányok igazolták, hogy a plazma high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-szintje fordítottan arányos a szív- és érrendszeri betegségek kialakulásának kockázatával. Az utóbbi évtizedekben azonban nyilvánvalóvá vált, hogy a HDL szerkezete és működése kulcsfontosságú az érelmeszesedést gátló hatás kialakulásában. Az apolipoprotein M (ApoM) egy HDL-hez kötött plazmafehérje, mely befolyásolja a HDL metabolizmusát és számos, érelmeszesedést gátló hatással rendelkezik, például véd az oxidációval szemben és szabályozza a sejtek koleszterinleadását. A szfingozin-1-foszfát (S1P) egy hatékony szfingolipidközvetítő molekula, mely a sejtek különböző funkcióit szabályozza, beleértve a sejtek differenciációját és migrációját, a programozott sejthalált és az érfali gyulladást. Az S1P főként az ApoM-et tartalmazó HDL-részecskékhez kötötten kering. Mindezek alapján a HDL ApoM- és S1P-tartalma kihat az érelmeszesedés folyamatára. Ráadásul a HDL ApoM- és S1P-tartalma módosulhat különböző kórállapotokban, például ischaemiás szívbetegség fennállása esetén. Ez az összefoglaló áttekinti a jelenleg rendelkezésre álló adatokat az ApoM és az S1P HDL-funkcióban betöltött szerepéről egészségesekben és cardiovascularis betegség fennállása esetén. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(5): 168–175.
Ethnomedicine using mostly plants is of pivotal importance nowadays in several Transylvanian regions in Romania. In this study (2007–2015), one Swabian-German, one Hungarian, three Csángó-Hungarian and nine Székely-Hungarian villages were selected to collect ethnomedicinal treatments for various gastrointestinal diseases. Some of the studied villages have partial or no permanent medical and pharmaceutical services. The 374 inhabitants interviewed used mostly medicinal plants based on ancient knowledge. The 78 (53 wild and 25 cultivated) plants documented have 181 local names and are used to treat ailments such as loss of appetite, bloating, stomach ache, gastric ulcer, and diarrhea, mostly in tea form. This knowledge decreases continuously because of loss of interest among young people and through frequent use of media sources and books. Although some of these plants have also been described in official medicinal sources, several data suggest the need for further fieldwork and new experimental analyses to highlight the valuable role of these plants in recent phytotherapy.
