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- Author or Editor: Lu Shao x
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The analyses and discussions herein, regarding the Chinese translations of Charles Dickens’s David Copperfield by Zhang Guruo and Dong Qiusi, offer insights into the process of translating that produces aesthetic equivalence. Through an investigation of how Zhang succeeds in representing the source text’s aesthetic values in his target text, I argue that aesthetic values in literary texts need not be restricted either to linguistics or to aesthetics. Therefore, I will focus on the general implications of translation, so that the insights thus gained can be applied to the broader field of literary translation.This paper first examines the general process of representing aesthetic values, which involves three stages: aesthetic comprehension, aesthetic transformation and aesthetic improvement. Second, Zhang’s translation methods and his theoretical thinking concerning translation is compared with Dong’s translation process in an attempt to show that aesthetic equivalence is an important factor in effectively governing literary translation. Third, based on Zhang’s Chinese translation of David Copperfield, in-depth discussions via Zhang’s contrastive techniques intend to show that the process of transforming linguistic meaning and aesthetic images into the target text results in image actualisation. Fourth, simpatico or’ empathy’ between linguistic meaning and aesthetic experience across languages will be discussed.
Abstract
Translation as a bridging means of communication across language-cultures has a double role to play: it both constructs and deconstructs, or deconstructs and constructs, the national cultural identity of the source and target texts. The present paper attempts to explore the nature of this double role of translation. By looking at what is constructed and deconstructed in the translation process, and how, it argues a ‘reciprocal’ relationship between the two, emphasizing that neither the ‘deconstruction’ of the source nor the ‘construction’ of the target is to be taken in the absolute. While the core area of what is regarded as a particular cultural identity is distinct, the peripheral areas are by no means as clear-cut. The more access there is to other cultural identities, the more cultural ‘common ground’ there may be between one’s own identity and the identity of the Other, hence the less distinctive the identity of One is from that of the Other. The paper argues that the reciprocal relations between the various processes in translation are in fact the reflection of an underlying postulation, namely the relativity of cultural identity in translation. To support the argument, the paper makes a case study of Lu Xun and his bother’s translation of Short Stories from Abroad by examining both the reasons behind its initial reception failure in Chinese society, and the reasons that can be used to account for an opposite view that the seemingly failed translation has in fact been a positive contribution to the evolution of modern Chinese literature.
Abstract
A MoS2/AlOOH composite was synthesized by calcining the reaction product of Na2MoO4, Na2S, HCl and basic Al2O3. The obtained composite was characterized using thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The degradation reaction of methyl orange was used to evaluate the photocatalytic properties of the composite. The results showed that alumina existed in the form of AlOOH with the deposited nano-MoS2 on the surface. The composite contained an intensive absorption between 380 and 450 nm and presented excellent photocatalytic properties. In addition, the composite still retained a high catalytic activity after repeatedly used for three times. The catalytic activity of the composite was influenced by the initial concentration of methyl orange, the amount of the catalyst, the pH value, and the temperature. The composite was a promising photocatalyst for the removal of organic chemicals from wastewater.
